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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678671</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2025-02-02</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Peptide regulation of B-lymphocytic immunity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы пептидной регуляции В-лимфоцитарного иммунитета</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-6662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>Alexander Valentinovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>Александр Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры анестезиологии, реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p></bio><email>avstep@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-5176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalov</surname><given-names>Konstantin Gennadievich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалов</surname><given-names>Константин Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой анестезиологии, реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p></bio><email>shkg26@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-3014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>Yevgeny Aleksandrovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>eugen3-stepanov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Chita State Medical Academy” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Читинская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-17"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-17"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2030-05-20"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/678671">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/678671</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Relevance. </bold>The mechanisms of B-lymphocyte immunity are not fully understood at present, in particular, the role and significance of the humoral response to viruses. There is insufficient understanding of how B-lymphocytes are selected for differentiation into long-lived cells. Therefore, there are serious unmet needs in the development of vaccines against influenza, coronavirus and many other infectious agents. Drugs that affect B-lymphocyte immunity can improve both the understanding of these processes and the results of therapeutic and preventive procedures.</p> <p><bold>Objective: </bold>to summarize information on peptide regulation of B-lymphocyte immunity.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods: </bold>publications were searched in the database on the RSCI website, in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The review includes 47 sources.</p> <p><bold>Results: </bold>To date, more than 20 biologically active peptides have been isolated and synthesized from the bursa of Fabricius. All these substances contributed to the differentiation of B cells. It is shown that many biologically active peptides regulating the development of B-lymphocytes are similar in birds and mammals. Some of them inhibit the exudative phase of inflammation by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by mononuclear cells. Peptides of the bursa of Fabricius also stimulate the inductive and productive phases of the immune response. Some of them have an antioxidant function and antitumor activity. Peptides obtained from the bursa of Fabricius dramatically enhance the immune response to the vaccine and promote the production of antibodies. The use of peptides of the bursa of Fabricius as adjuvants in vaccination is considered. Obviously, insufficient attention is paid to studies on the effect of biologically active compounds from the bursa of Fabricius on immune homeostasis. In the literature available to us, we did not find a single review devoted to this topic.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Peptides from the Bursa of Fabricius are very promising both in terms of therapy for certain disorders in the immune system and as adjuvants for vaccines against viruses.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> В настоящее время механизмы В-лимфоцитарного иммунитета, в частности, роль и значение гуморального ответа на вирусы, не совсем понятны. Нет достаточного понимания, каким образом В-лимфоциты отбираются для дифференцировки в долгоживущие клетки. Поэтому существуют серьезные неудовлетворенные потребности в разработке вакцин против гриппа, коронавируса и многих других инфекционных агентов. Препараты, влияющие на В-лимфоцитарный иммунитет, способны улучшить как понимание данных процессов, так и результаты лечебно-профилактических процедур.</p> <p><bold>Цель: </bold>обобщить сведения о пептидной регуляции В-лимфоцитарного иммунитета.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Поиск публикаций проводился в базе данных на сайте РИНЦ, в базах PubMed и Google Scholar. В обзор включены 47 источников.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> На сегодняшний день из бурсы Фабрициуса (БФ) выделено и синтезировано &gt;20 биологически активных пептидов. Все эти вещества способствовали дифференцировке В-клеток. Представлено, что многие биологически активные пептиды, регулирующие развитие В-лимфоцитов аналогичны у птиц и млекопитающих. Некоторые из них ингибируют экссудативную фазу воспаления за счет уменьшения секреции мононуклеарами провоспалительных цитокинов. Пептиды БФ также стимулируют индуктивную и продуктивную фазы иммунного ответа. Ряд из них обладают антиоксидантной функцией и противоопухолевой активностью. Пептиды, полученные из БФ, резко усиливают иммунный ответ на вакцину и способствуют выработке антител. Рассматриваются вопросы использования пептидов БФ в качестве адъювантов при вакцинации. Очевидно, что исследованиям по влиянию биологически активных соединений из БФ на иммунный гомеостаз уделяется недостаточное внимание. В доступной нам литературе мы не обнаружили ни одного обзора, посвященного этой теме.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Пептиды из БФ являются весьма перспективными как в плане терапии определенных нарушений в иммунной системе, так и в качестве адъювантов для вакцин против вирусов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peptides</kwd><kwd>Bursa of Fabricius</kwd><kwd>B-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пептиды</kwd><kwd>бурса Фабрициуса</kwd><kwd>В-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zsichla L., Müller V. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses. 2023; 15 (1): 175. 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