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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688969</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2025-03-09</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of local synthesis of neurotrophic factors under the influence of fractal stimulation phototherapy in a model of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy on rabbit</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности локального синтеза нейротрофических факторов при воздействии фрактальной стимуляционной фототерапии в модели атрофии ретинального пигментного эпителия на кроликах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8007-6643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balatskaya</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балацкая</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Immunology and Virology, Leading Researcher, Candidate of biological sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник отдела иммунологии и вирусологии, ведущий научный сотрудник, кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>balnat07@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-2005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeev</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеев</surname><given-names>Денис Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Scientific Experimental Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>denis.fadeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision named after S.V. Kravkov, Professor, biological sciences. Dr.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник отдела клинической физиологии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова, доктор биологических наук, профессор</p></bio><email>visionlab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-2746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroeva</surname><given-names>Nataliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероева</surname><given-names>Наталия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ophthalmologist Department of Retina and Optic Nerve, Сandidate of biological sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>secr@igb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-8724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brilliantova</surname><given-names>Angelina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бриллиантова</surname><given-names>Ангелина Грантовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student Department of Retina and Optic Nerve</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва</p></bio><email>angelinabrilliantova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-6713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>Yuri S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory for the Study of Biochemical Risk Markers, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель лаборатории изучения биохимических маркеров риска, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>YTimofeev@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FSBI "National Medical Research Center for Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz" Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FSBI "National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2030-08-22"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/688969">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/688969</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>It is assumed that in degenerative diseases of the retina, photostimulation with fractal dynamics signals activates neuroplasticity, increasing the effectiveness of visual rehabilitation. Previously, we demonstrated the positive effect of fractal optic stimulation (FS) on the intraocular synthesis of neurotrophins in rabbits without ophthalmopathology and proved the safety of long-term courses of photostimulation for the retina.</p> <p><bold>Purpose</bold> of the study: to evaluate changes in the intraocular production of neurotrophic cytokines against the background of the use of low-intensity fractal optical therapy in the model of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy in an in vivo experiment.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study material was vitreous body (VH) samples of 38 (76 eyes) Soviet Chinchilla rabbits with a model of RPE atrophy.</p> <p>Depending on the type of exposure used, animals with RPE atrophy were divided into groups: the main group – 18 animals (36 eyes – FS), the control group – 18 animals (36 eyes – exposure to light from an incandescent lamp). The comparison group consisted of 2 rabbits (4 eyes) with RPE atrophy without exposure. Photostimulation sessions were carried out daily. The duration of each FS session was 20 minutes. The duration of FS courses ranged from 7 to 90 days. The concentrations of BDNF, CNTF, IL-6, NGF, and PEDF were determined in the CT samples using enzyme immunoassay. The results were recorded using a Cytation 5 multifunctional photometer.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>PEDF, BDNF, and NGF were detected in 100% of the CT test samples from the main and control groups of animals. IL-6 was detected only in 1 case, and CNTF was not detected in the samples. For the first time, the dynamics of intraocular production of neurotrophic factors was determined under the influence of fractal photostimulation on a model of RPE atrophy. Under the influence of FS, the level of BDNF production statistically significantly increased in the eyes of animals with RPE atrophy and indicated the initiation of reparative mechanisms in the retina in response to RPE damage. With an increase in the duration of the course of light stimulation in the main and control groups, a gradual weakening of the intraocular BDNF synthesis was noted, more rapid in the control group. Of particular interest were the changes in intraocular PEDF production under the influence of FS courses of different durations: individual analysis demonstrated an increase in intraocular cytokine production in 16.7% of eyes after a 1-week course of therapy with a maximum level of 58.7 pg/ml, an increase in the number of therapy sessions led to a significant decrease in its concentration in the CT in 80% of cases.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The results of the study allow us to conclude that FS affects the production of neurotrophic factors in RPE atrophy in the experiment: the most noticeable effects were found in relation to PEDF and BDNF. Individual analysis of changes in local PEDF synthesis indicates the advisability of prescribing a 1-week FS course lasting 1 week in the treatment of macular pathology associated with impaired RPE function, photoreceptors (for example, in AMD). The data obtained seem important for the development of the FS method and its translation into the clinic for visual rehabilitation of patients with neurodegenerative diseases of the retina.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Предполагается, что при дегенеративных заболеваниях сетчатки фотостимуляция сигналами фрактальной динамики активирует нейропластичность, повышая эффективность зрительной реабилитации. Ранее нами было показано положительное влияние фрактальной фототерапии (ФФ) на интраокулярный синтез нейротрофинов у кроликов без офтальмопатологии и доказана безопасность для сетчатки длительных курсов фотостимуляции.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования: оценка изменений внутриглазной продукции нейротрофических цитокинов на фоне применения низкоинтенсивной фрактальной оптической терапии в модели атрофии ретинального пигментного эпителия (РПЭ) в эксперименте in vivo.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Материалом исследования служили пробы стекловидного тела (СТ) 38 (76 глаз) кроликов породы Советская шиншилла с моделью атрофии РПЭ.</p> <p>В зависимости от вида применяемого воздействия, животные с атрофией РПЭ были распределены в группы: основная – 18 животных (36 глаз – ФФ), контрольная – 18 животных (36 глаз – воздействие светом от лампы накаливания). Группа сравнения 2 кролика (4 глаза) с атрофией РПЭ без воздействия. Сеансы фотостимуляции проводились ежедневно. Продолжительность каждого сеанса ФФ составляла 20 мин. Длительность курсов ФФ составляла от 7 до 90 дней. Методом иммуноферментного анализа в пробах СТ определяли концентрации BDNF, CNTF, IL-6, NGF PEDF. Учет результатов выполняли на мультифункциональном фотометре Cytation 5.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В 100% тест-проб СТ основных и контрольной групп животных обнаружены PEDF, BDNF и NGF. IL-6 определен только в 1 случае, CNTF в образцах не выявлен. Впервые определена динамика внутриглазной продукции нейротрофических факторов при воздействии ФФ на модели атрофии РПЭ. Под влиянием ФФ уровень продукции BDNF статистически значимо возрастал в глазах животных с атрофией РПЭ и свидетельствовал об инициации репаративных механизмов в сетчатке в ответ на повреждение РПЭ. При удлинении продолжительности курса светостимуляции в основной и контрольной группах отмечалось постепенное ослабление интраокулярного синтеза BDNF, более быстрое в контрольной группе. Особый интерес представили изменения внутриглазной продукции PEDF при воздействии разных по длительности курсов ФФ: индивидуальный анализ продемонстрировал повышение интраокулярной продукции цитокина в 16,7% глаз после 1-недельного курса терапии с максимальным уровнем 58,7 пг/мл, увеличение числа сеансов терапии приводило к выраженному снижению его концентрации в СТ в 80% случаев.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Результаты исследования позволяют заключить, что ФФ оказывает влияние на продукцию нейротрофических факторов при атрофии РПЭ в эксперименте: наиболее заметные эффекты выявлены в отношении PEDF и BDNF. Индивидуальный анализ изменений локального синтеза PEDF указывает на целесообразность назначения 1-недельного курса ФФ продолжительностью 1 неделя при терапии макулярной патологии, связанной с нарушением функции РПЭ, фоторецепторов (например, при ВМД). Полученные данные представляются важными для развития метода ФФ и его трансляции в клинику для зрительной реабилитации больных с нейродегенеративными заболеваниями сетчатки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>RPE atrophy</kwd><kwd>retinal degeneration</kwd><kwd>visual rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>fractal phototherapy</kwd><kwd>neurotrophic cytokines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атрофия РПЭ</kwd><kwd>дегенерация сетчатки</kwd><kwd>зрительная реабилитация</kwd><kwd>фрактальная фототерапия</kwd><kwd>нейротрофические цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Marchesi N., Fahmideh F., Boschi F., Pascale A., Barbieri A. Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases: Interconnection between Retina and Cortical Areas. Cells. 2021; 10 (9): 2394. 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