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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689023</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2025-03-04</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular mechanisms of action of natural bioactive compounds in personalized medicine for the rehabilitation of cancer patients after chemo and radiation therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные механизмы действия природных биоактивных соединений в персонализированной медицине реабилитации онкологических пациентов после химио- и лучевой терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-4447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potupchik</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потупчик</surname><given-names>Татьяна Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology with a Postgraduate Education Course, Сandidate of medical sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии с курсом постдипломного образования, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>potupchik_tatyana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-0057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Usoltseva</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усольцева</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>scientific research coordinator, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>координатор научных исследований, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>usolceva@baikal-legend.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8696-9579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupov</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купов</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Oncologist, Chief Physician, Scientific and Practical Center for Supportive Cancer Therapy, Integrative and Immuno-Oncology "Onco Rehab"</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, онколог, главный врач, Научно-практический центр поддерживающей терапии рака, интегративной и иммуноонкологии «Onco Rehab»</p></bio><email>kupov@onco.rehab</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6126-665X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Veselova</surname><given-names>Olga F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веселова</surname><given-names>Ольга Федоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology with a postgraduate course, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая кафедрой фармакологии и клинической фармакологии с курсом постдипломного образования, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>Veselovaof@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2090-4106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremova</surname><given-names>Sofya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремова</surname><given-names>Софья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6<sup>th</sup>-year Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6 курса</p></bio><email>moniiica999@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9812-667X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baskakova</surname><given-names>Elina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баскакова</surname><given-names>Элина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6<sup>th</sup>-year Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6 курса</p></bio><email>elina.bas46.8@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1966-9240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyarko</surname><given-names>Alena P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боярко</surname><given-names>Алена Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5<sup>th</sup>-year Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 5 курса</p></bio><email>boyarko.alyona2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">SibPribor Limited Liability Company</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «СибПрибор»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">LLC Oncology Clinic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Онкоклиника»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2030-08-22"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/689023">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/689023</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The purpose</bold> of the study. To analyze scientific data on the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of key natural bioactive substances used to support cancer patients after chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the framework of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is associated with the selection of targeted drugs based on tumor genomics, taking into account the bioindividuality of each patient, his molecular, physiological and behavioral characteristics. In the context of natural bioactive compounds, a personalized approach involves the study of interindividual variability in the metabolism of phytocomponents, polymorphisms of detoxification genes, and individual characteristics of molecular targets.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> A systematic literature analysis was conducted for the period 2010-2024 in the databases Cyberleninka, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SAGE Premier, Springer, and Wiley Journals.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The natural compounds with the greatest vector of development in the rehabilitation of cancer patients (mushrooms, phytopreparations, nutrients) and their molecular mechanisms are considered. Clinical studies have been analyzed, indicating the resources of natural compounds in reducing the toxic effects of antitumor therapy and accelerating the rehabilitation of patients, taking into account individual and molecular characteristics.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The use of natural bioactive compounds at the stage of rehabilitation of cancer patients is considered as an interdisciplinary approach requiring further validation of scientific data. Natural compounds, when used scientifically, can provide additional opportunities to support patients' health and improve their quality of life.</p> <p>The integration of phytotherapy into oncology is an area that requires further study. Large multicenter RCTs in various populations are needed, and further study of the pharmacokinetics and interactions of drugs and natural compounds in the rehabilitation of cancer patients. A promising area is "molecular integrative oncology", which uses natural products in accordance with the molecular profile of the tumor and the patient.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования. Проанализировать научные данные о молекулярных мишенях и механизмах действия ключевых природных биоактивных веществ, применяемых для поддержки онкобольных после химио- и лучевой терапии в рамках персонализированной медицины. Персонализированная медицина ассоциируется с подбором таргетных лекарств на основе геномики опухоли с учетом биоиндивидуальности каждого пациента, его молекулярных, физиологических и поведенческих особенностей. В контексте природных биоактивных соединений персонализированный подход предполагает изучение межиндивидуальной вариабельности в метаболизме фитокомпонентов, полиморфизмов генов детоксикации и индивидуальных особенностей молекулярных мишеней.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведен систематический анализ литературы за период 2010–2024 гг. в базах данных Сyberleninka, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SAGE Premier, Springer и Wiley Journals.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Рассмотрены природные соединения, имеющие наибольший вектор развития в реабилитации онкобольных (грибы, фитопрепараты, нутриенты), их молекулярные механизмы. Проанализированы клинические исследования, свидетельствующие о ресурсах природных соединений в снижении токсических эффектов противоопухолевой терапии и ускорении реабилитации пациентов с учетом индивидуальных и молекулярных особенностей.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Использование природных биоактивных соединений на этапе реабилитации онкологических пациентов рассматривается как междисциплинарный подход, требующий дальнейшей валидации научных данных. Натуральные соединения при их научно-обоснованном применении способны дают дополнительные возможности для поддержки здоровья пациентов и улучшения их качества жизни.</p> <p>Интеграция фитотерапии в онкологию – область, требующая дальнейшего изучения. Необходимы крупные многоцентровые РКИ в различных популяциях, дальнейшее изучение фармакокинетики и взаимодействия лекарственных средств и природных соединений в реабилитации онкобольных. Перспективным направлением является «молекулярная интегративная онкология», применяющая натуральные продукты в соответствии с молекулярным профилем опухоли и пациента.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>chaga</kwd><kwd>dihydroquercetin</kwd><kwd>melanins</kwd><kwd>natural bioactive substances</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>чага</kwd><kwd>дигидрокверцитин</kwd><kwd>меланины</kwd><kwd>природные биоактивные вещества</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Goetz L.H., Schork N.J. Personalized medicine: motivation, challenges, and progress. Fertil Steril. 2018; 109 (6): 952–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011; 144 (5): 646–74. 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