Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Молекулярная медицина1728-29182499-9490Russkiy Vrach Publishing House68930110.29296/24999490-2025-01-07Original researchОригинальные исследованияResearch ArticleCOVID-19 in the central nervous system: routes of entry and influence on gliomagenesisCOVID-19 в центральной нервной системе: пути проникновения и влияние на глиомагенезhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-7822MitrofanovaLyubov B.МитрофановаЛюбовь Борисовна
Russian Federation

Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with Clinic, Chief Researcher, Pathomorphology Research Laboratory, Head of the Pathomorphology Service, Pathologist of the Pathoanatomical Department of the University Clinic, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

заведующая кафедрой патологической анатомии с клиникой, главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории патоморфологии, руководитель службы патоморфологии, врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения Университетской клиники, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

lubamitr@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-8403MakarovIgor A.МакаровИгорь Александрович
Russian Federation

Аssistant, Department of Pathological Anatomy with clinic, Pathologist of the Pathology Department of the University Clinic, Candidate of Medical Sciences

ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии с клиникой, врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения Университетской клиники, кандидат медицинских наук

doctormakarovia@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-4477-9128GusevaKsenia A.ГусеваКсения Алексеевна
Russian Federation

Clinical Resident, Department of Pathological Anatomy with clinic

клинический ординатор кафедры патологической анатомии с клиникой

ksuha.gus@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-5936DanilovaIrina A.ДаниловаИрина Анатольевна
Russian Federation

Pathologist, Professor, Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Clinic of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

врач-патологоанатом, профессор кафедры патологической анатомии с клиникой, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

imd@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-5612GulyaevDmitry A.ГуляевДмитрий Александрович
Russian Federation

Professor of the Department of Neurosurgery, Head of Neurosurgical Department No.5, Neurosurgeon, Neurosurgical Department No.5, Head of the Research Institute of Integrative Neurosurgical Technologies, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Associate Professor

профессор кафедры нейрохирургии, руководитель нейрохирургического отделения №5, врач-нейрохирург нейрохирургического отделения №5, руководитель НИЛ интегративных нейрохирургических технологий, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, доцент

gulyaevd@mail.ruFederal State Budgetary Institution “V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации0803202523156641408202514082025Copyright ©; 2025, Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseCopyright ©; 2025, ИД "Русский врач"2025Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseИД "Русский врач"https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/689301

Introduction. The pathogenesis of infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with SARS-CoV2 and nervourological complications are still poorly understood, as well as the link of viral infection with the risk and the course of gliomas.

The aim. Evaluating of the possible involvement of Basigin, NRP1, Cathepsin L and transmembrane proteases TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 in coronavirus infection of neurons and gliomagenesis.

Мaterial and methods. histological and immunohistochemical researches with antibodies to Cathepsin L, TMPRSS2, TMPRSS4, NRP1, Vasidin, SARS-CoV-2 of the brain of 6 patients with COVID-19, 3 patients of the «precovid period» (control group) and gliomas of 7 patients operated in 2024.

The results of the research demonstraded that the expression of Basigin and TMPRSS2 was significantly higher in the group of patients with gliomas compared with the other groups (for Basigin pgliomas / COVID-19 = 0.006; pgliomas / control group = 0.038; for TMPRSS2 pgliomas / COVID-19 = 0.040; pgliomas / control group = 0.006). In the group of patients with COVID-19, a negative correlation was found between the prevalence of Cathepsin L and SARS-CoV-2 expression (rs = -0.37, p = 0.009), and Basigin was expressed in 5–25% of glial cells. Cathepsin L and TMPRSS4 demonstrated moderate negative associations in the groups of patients with COVID-19 and gliomas.

Conclusion: Basigin, NRP1, Cathepsin L, TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 cannot be used as alternative pathways for more effective penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into neurons. The expression of Basigin and TMPRSS2 was the highest in gliomas significantly. Probably, the coexpression of the virus with Basigin weakens the immunosuppression of tumors; it mays to increase the incidence or recurrence of tumors in patients with COVID-19.

Введение. Патогенез заражения центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) SARS-CoV-2 и неврологические осложнения до сих пор плохо изучены, равно как и связь вирусной инфекции с риском возникновения и течением глиом.

Цель исследования: оценить возможное участие Basigin, NRP1, Cathepsin L и трансмембранных протеаз TMPRSS2 и TMPRSS4 в коронавирусной инфекции нейронов и глиомагенезе.

Материал и методы. Гистологическое и иммуногистохимическое исследование с антителами к Сathepsin L, TMPRSS2, TMPRSS4, NRP1, Вasigin, SARS-CoV-2 головного мозга 6 пациентов с COVID-19, 3 пациентов «доковидного периода» (контрольная группа) и глиом 7 пациентов, прооперированных в 2024 г.

Результаты. Установлено, что экспрессия Basigin и TMPRSS2 была достоверно наибольшей у пациентов с глиомами по сравнению с остальными группами (для Вasigin pглиомы / COVID-19 = 0,006; pглиомы / контрольная группа = 0,038; для TMPRSS2 pглиомы / COVID-19 = 0,040; pглиомы / контрольная группа = 0,006). У пациентов с COVID-19 была обнаружена отрицательная корреляция между распространенностью экспрессии Cathepsin L и SARS-CoV-2 (rs = -0,37, p = 0,009), а Basigin экспрессировался в 5–25% клеток глии. Cathepsin L и TMPRSS4 показали умеренные отрицательные связи у пациентов с COVID-19 и глиомами.

Заключение. Basigin, NRP1, Cathepsin L, TMPRSS2 и TMPRSS4 не могут быть предложены в качестве альтернативных путей для более эффективного проникновения SARS-CoV-2 в нейроны. Экспрессия Basigin и TMPRSS2 была достоверно наибольшей в глиомах. По-видимому, коэкспрессия вируса с Basigin ослабляет иммунонадзор за опухолями, что может увеличить заболеваемость или рецидив новообразований у пациентов с COVID-19.

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