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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696245</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2025-05-04</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of a high-fat diet and phytocomposition based on <italic>B. vulgaris</italic>, <italic>C. bergamia</italic>, <italic>D. villosa</italic> and <italic>L. meyenii</italic> on the expression of genes for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism enzymes in the liver of rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние высокожировой диеты и фитокомпозиции на основе <italic>B. vulgaris</italic>, <italic>C. bergamia</italic>, <italic>D. villosa</italic> и <italic>L. meyenii</italic> на экспрессию генов ферментов углеводного и липидного обмена в печени крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8486-3185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yankovskaya</surname><given-names>Svetlana Valer’evna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янковская</surname><given-names>Светлана Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник лаборатории эндокринологии, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>svetlanaiankovskaia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-3968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosalev</surname><given-names>Kirill I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосалев</surname><given-names>Кирилл Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory for the Study of Viral Diseases of Plants and Animals</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории исследования вирусных заболеваний растений и животных</p></bio><email>mosalevkir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-4153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deulin</surname><given-names>Il’ya Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деулин</surname><given-names>Илья Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Laboratory for the Study of Viral Diseases of Plants and Animals</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории исследования вирусных заболеваний растений и животных</p></bio><email>diy@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pal’chikova</surname><given-names>Natal’ya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пальчикова</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Scientific Secretary, Doctor of Biological Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ученый секретарь, доктор биологических наук</p></bio><email>napalchikova@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-7289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selyatickaya</surname><given-names>Vera G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селятицкая</surname><given-names>Вера Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор НИИ экспериментальной и клинической медицины, доктор биологических наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vgselyatitskaya@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FSBSI «Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Molecular medicine</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Молекулярная медицина</issue-title><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2030-11-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/696245">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/696245</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>The liver serves as a buffer for the accumulation and utilization of excess intake of nutritional fats, the intake of plant compounds can improve metabolic processes in the liver, but the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon have been little studied.</p> <p><bold>The purpose </bold>of the study. To study the effect of oral administration of a phytocomposition based on B. vulgaris, C. bergamia, D. villosa and L. meyenii (PC) on the expression levels of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism genes in the liver of rats on a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD).</p> <p><bold>Material and methods. </bold>48 male Wistar rats were divided into groups (G) of equal numbers. During 4 and 7 weeks, animals G1 and G5, respectively, received SD (the proportion of fat in total calories was 11%), G2 and G6 – SD+PC, G3 and G7 – HFD (the proportion of fat in total calories was 36% due to the addition of lard to the diet), G4 and G8 – HFD+PC. After the animals were removed from the experiment, the liver was fixed in 1 ml of «Riti» reagent (Diem, Russia) and stored at -20 °C until the study. The expression of the genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase A (Acaca), acetyl-CoA carboxylase B (Acacb), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), stearyl-CoA desaturase (Scd), glucokinase (Gck) and pyruvate kinase (Pklr) was determined in the liver by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p> <p><bold>Results and discussion. </bold>It has been shown that HFD causes phase changes in the expression of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes in the rat liver: at week 4, there is an increase in Fasn expression, a decrease in Acaca and Pklr, indicating activation of lipogenesis; at week 7, a decrease in Fasn and Acacb expression, indicating activation of β-oxidation of fatty acids, an increase in the expression of Gck and Acaca indicates an increase in glycogenogenesis. The administration of PC potentiates these compensatory shifts, significantly enhancing the expression of Acaca and Gck. Correlation analysis showed that taking PC in SD conditions increased the number of correlations from 2 to 6 (new connections: Acacb and Pklr with Fasn and Scd), and in HFD conditions it transformed the feedback Acaca with Acacb into direct Acaca with Gck and Pklr.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The data obtained indicate that biologically active compounds of the studied PC contribute to the enhancement of the conjugation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the activation of glycogenogenesis in the liver due to their direct or indirect action as inducers of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism gene expression, thereby leading to a restructuring of metabolic pathways aimed at compensating for HFD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Печень служит буфером для накопления и утилизации избыточного поступления алиментарных жиров. Прием растительных соединений может улучшать метаболические процессы в печени, однако молекулярные механизмы этого явления исследованы мало.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования. Изучить влияние перорального применения фитокомпозиции (ФК) на основе B. vulgaris, C. bergamia, D. villosa и L. meyenii на уровни экспрессии генов углеводного и липидного обменов в печени крыс, находящихся на стандартном рационе питания (СРП) или высокожировой диете (ВЖД).</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Самцов крыс Вистар (n=48) разделили на 8 групп (Г) равной численности. В течение 4 и 7 нед животные групп Г1 и Г5 соответственно получали СРП (в общей калорийности доля жиров составляла 11%), Г2 и Г6 – СРП+ФК, Г3 и Г7 – ВЖД (в общей калорийности доля жиров составляла 36% за счет добавления к рациону свиного сала), Г4 и Г8 – ВЖД+ФК. После выведения животных из эксперимента печень фиксировали в 1 мл реагента «Riti» (Диаэм, Россия) и хранили до исследования при температуре -20°C. В печени определяли экспрессию генов ацетил-КоА-карбоксилазы А (Acaca), ацетил-КоА-карбоксилазы B (Acacb), синтазы жирных кислот (Fasn), стеарил-КоА-десатуразы (Scd), глюкокиназы (Gck) и пируваткиназы (Pklr) методом полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией.</p> <p><bold>Результаты и обсуждение. </bold>Показано, что ВЖД вызывает фазные изменения в экспрессии генов липидного и углеводного обмена в печени крыс: на 4-й неделе наблюдается повышение экспрессии Fasn, снижение Acaca и Pklr, указывающие на активацию липогенеза; на 7-й неделе – снижение экспрессии Fasn и Acacb, свидетельствующее об активации β-окисления жирных кислот, повышение экспрессии Gck и Acaca – об усилении гликогеногенеза. Введение ФК потенцирует эти компенсаторные сдвиги, существенно усиливая экспрессию Acaca и Gck. Корреляционный анализ показал, что прием ФК в условиях СРП увеличивал число корреляций с 2 до 6 (новые связи: Acacb и Pklr с Fasn и Scd), а в условиях ВЖД – преобразовывал обратные связи Acaca с Acacb в прямые Acaca с Gck и Pklr.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные данные указывают, что биологически активные соединения изученной ФК способствуют усилению сопряженности углеводного и липидного обменов и активации гликогеногенеза в печени за счет прямого или опосредованного действия в качестве индукторов экспрессии генов липидного и углеводного обменов, приводя тем самым к перестройке метаболических путей, направленной на компенсацию ВЖД.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>high-fat diet</kwd><kwd>liver</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>phytocomposition</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>высокожировая диета</kwd><kwd>печень</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>фитокомпозиция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the State assignment of the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution FITZ FTM using the equipment of the CCP "Proteomic Analysis".</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ ФИЦ ФТМ с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Протеомный анализ».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. 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