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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">717226</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2026-04-01</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">akqric</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular aspects of improving physical performance in conditions of short-term hypobaric hypoxia and pharmacological pseudohypoxia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные аспекты повышения физической работоспособности в условиях кратковременной гипобарической гипоксии и фармакологической псевдогипоксии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4346-025X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krytsyna</surname><given-names>Ulyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крыцына</surname><given-names>Ульяна Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6<sup>th</sup> year student, Medical Biochemistry specialty. Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка VI курса по специальности «Медицинская биохимия», Пятигорский медико-фармацевтический институт</p></bio><email>ukrytsyna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7840-9269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонова</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of the Department of biological chemistry. Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute ; Candidate of Biological Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры биологической химии. Пятигорский медико-фармацевтический институт; Кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>incentra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-8182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdnyakov</surname><given-names>Dmitry I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздняков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology with a course in clinical pharmacology. Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute; Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий кафедрой фармакологии с курсом клинической фармакологии, Пятигорский медико-фармацевтический институт; Доктор фармацевтических наук, доцент</p></bio><email>Pozdniackow.dmitry@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9588-1706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Temirbulatova</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темирбулатова</surname><given-names>Анна Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of the Department of biological chemistry. Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute; Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры биологической химии, Пятигорский медико-фармацевтический институт; Кандидат фармацевтических наук</p></bio><email>anna_vladimir@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8410-9797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skulte</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скульте</surname><given-names>Ирина Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of the Department of biological chemistry. Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute; Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры биологической химии, Пятигорский медико-фармацевтический институт; Кандидат фармацевтических наук</p></bio><email>skulteiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>7</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2031-08-13"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717226">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717226</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold><bold> </bold>Hypoxic training are actively used in both professional and amateur sports. Hypoxia triggers a number of adaptive mechanisms aimed at improving stamina. However, these compensatory and adaptive pathways can be activated through rational pharmacological exposure, inducing pseudohypoxia.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study</bold><bold> </bold>was to compare the molecular mechanisms of performance enhancement in short-term hypobaric hypoxia and pharmacological pseudohypoxia.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold><bold> </bold>Hypobaric hypoxia was simulated in male C57BL/6 mice by placing the animals in a pressure chamber with 14% oxygen content and reduced atmospheric pressure (equivalent to 4000 m above sea level). Pseudohypoxia was reproduced by a course of administration of a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor – sodium polydihydroxyphenylene thiosulfonate, orally at a dose of 2.1 mg/kg. A combined exposure option was also simulated in animals: hypoxia + pseudohypoxia. After 21 days, the level of physical activity of the animals was recorded in the forced swimming test. Next, the concentrations of Hif-1α, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin receptors in muscle tissue, as well as erythropoietin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and cortisol in blood serum were evaluated.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold><bold> </bold>It has been shown that both in conditions of hypobaric hypoxia and pharmacological pseudohypoxia, as well as their combined variants, there is an increase in the concentration of Hif-1α, AMP-activated protein kinase and insulin receptors in muscle tissue. An increase in serum erythropoietin concentration of 51.8% (p &lt; 0.05) was noted in hypobaric hypoxia, which was not observed in the case of pseudohypoxia and combined exposure. It is also worth noting that the physical performance of the animals to which the combined treatment option was applied was significantly higher than in mice that were simulated hypoxia (by 41.8%; p &lt; 0.05) and pseudohypoxia (by 64.1%; p &lt; 0.05). Cortisol concentration are not change in all groups.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In order to increase the level of physical activity through the activation of Hif-1α and insulin-dependent cellular signaling mechanisms, it is advisable to combine hypobaric hypoxic effects and pharmacological pseudohypoxia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold><bold> </bold>Гипоксические тренировки активно применяются как в профессиональном, так и любительском спорте. Гипоксия запускает ряд адаптивных механизмов, направленных на повышение работоспособности. Однако данные компенсаторно-приспособительные пути возможно активировать за счет рационального фармакологического вмешательства, индуцируя псевдогипоксию.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold><bold> </bold>состояла в сравнительной оценке молекулярных механизмов повышения работоспособности при кратковременной гипобарической гипоксии (КГГ) и фармакологической псевдогипоксии (ФПГ).</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> КГГ моделировали у мышей-самцов C57BL/6 путем помещения животных в барокамеру с 14% содержанием кислорода и сниженным атмосферным давлением (эквивалент 4000 м над уровнем моря). Псевдогипоксию воспроизводили путем курсового введения ингибитора сукцинатдегидрогеназы – полидигидроксифенилентиосульфоната натрия (ПДГФТСН), перорально в дозе 2,1 мг/кг. Также у животных моделировали сочетанный вариант воздействия: гипоксия + псевдогипоксия. Через 21 день регистрировали уровень работоспособности животных в тесте принудительное плавание. Далее оценивали концентрацию Hif-1α, АМФ-активируемой протеинкиназы и инсулиновых рецепторов в мышечной ткани, а также эритропоэтина, инсулиноподобного фактора роста-1 и кортизола в сыворотке крови.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Показано, что как в условиях КГГ, так и ФПГ, а также их комбинированного варианта отмечается повышение концентрации Hif-1α, АМФ-активируемой протеинкиназы и инсулиновых рецепторов в мышечной ткани. На фоне КГГ отмечен рост сывороточной концентрации эритропоэтина 51,8% (p &lt; 0,05), чего не наблюдалось в случае псевдогипоксии и сочетанного варианта воздействия. Также стоит отметить, что физическая работоспособность у животных, к которым применяли комбинированный вариант воздействия, было достоверно выше, чем у мышей, которым моделировали гипоксию (на 41,8%; p &lt; 0,05) и псевдогипоксию (на 64,1%; p &lt; 0,05). Концентрация кортизола не изменялась во всех группах.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>С целью повышения уровня физической активности посредством активации Hif-1α и инсулин-зависимых механизмов клеточной сигнализации целесообразно сочетать КГГ воздействие и ФПГ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypoxic training</kwd><kwd>Hif-1α</kwd><kwd>pseudohypoxia</kwd><kwd>erythropoietin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипоксические тренировки</kwd><kwd>Hif-1α</kwd><kwd>псевдогипоксия</kwd><kwd>эритропоэтин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Allsopp G.L., Britto F.A., Wright C.R., Deldicque L. The Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on the Acute Physiological Responses to Resistance Training: A Narrative Review. J. Strength Cond Res. 2024; 38 (11): 2001–11. 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