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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">717231</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2026-04-05</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ycvjne</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of GHK-PGP peptide and its analogues on the rat’s behavior in the forced swimming test</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние пептида GHK-PGP и его аналогов на поведение крыс в тесте принудительного плавания</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8362-3709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alferova</surname><given-names>Marina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алферова</surname><given-names>Марина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Pathophysiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры патофизиологии</p></bio><email>mmarinusya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7745-2599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobyntsev</surname><given-names>Igor I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобынцев</surname><given-names>Игорь Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Pathophysiology, Director of the Research Institute of General Pathology; Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий кафедрой патофизиологии, директор НИИ общей патологии; Доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>bobig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1529-6014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorvul</surname><given-names>Anton O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ворвуль</surname><given-names>Антон Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer, Department of Pathophysiology; Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры патофизиологии; Кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>vorvul1996@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8699-8041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tenkova</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тенькова</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Human Anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры анатомии человека</p></bio><email>tenkova.85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-8590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>Liudmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Людмила Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of Peptides</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель заведующего лабораторией молекулярной фармакологии пептидов</p></bio><email>landr@img.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1294-102X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myasoedov</surname><given-names>Nikolai F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мясоедов</surname><given-names>Николай Федорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of Peptides; Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией молекулярной фармакологии пептидов; Доктор химических наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>nfm@img.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2031-08-13"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717231">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717231</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The Gly-His-Lys (GHK) peptide, which is a fragment of type I collagen, has a wide range of biological effects, including neurotropic ones, and has an anxiolytic and analgesic effect. However, GHK is susceptible to proteases and various proline-containing amino acid sequences were added to the C-terminus to increase the duration of its effects.</p> <p><bold>Purpose of the study.</bold><bold> </bold>Study of the behavior of rats in the forced swimming test using the GHK-PGP peptide and its structural analogs.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The experiments were performed on 200 male Wistar rats weighing 170–190 g. The work used peptides synthesized in the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of Peptides of the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” (GHK, Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP), Gly-His-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro (GHK-PGP), Gly-His-Lys-Gly-Pro (GHK-GP), Gly-His-Lys-Pro (GHK-P), Gly-His-Lys-Val-Glu-Pro (GHK-VEP)), which were administered intraperitoneally 15 min before the experiment at doses of 0,5; 5,0 and 50,0 μg/kg. Animal behavior was assessed using a forced swim test.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold><bold> </bold>GHK at a dose of 5,0 μg / kg caused a decrease in motor activity, and the PGP peptide at doses of 0,5 and 50,0 μg/kg had a pronounced antidepressant effect. GHK-PGP had an antidepressant effect only at a dose of 5,0 μg / kg. Thus, in the total GHK-PGP molecule, the PGP peptide neutralized the effect of GHK and was its structural part, determining this type of biological activity. GHK-GP had no effects at all doses. The GHK-VEP peptide had an antidepressant effect at a dose of 0,5 μg / kg.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold><bold> </bold>GHK-PGP and its structural modifications using proline-containing amino acid sequences affect behavior in the forced swim test in rats, while the anxiolytic effect of GHK is neutralized with the appearance of an antidepressant effect.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Ведение.</bold><bold> </bold>Пептид Gly-His-Lys (GHK), являющийся фрагментом коллагена 1-го типа, обладает широким спектром биологических эффектов, в том числе нейротропных, обладает анксиолитическим и анальгетическим действием. Однако GHK подвержен действию протеаз и для увеличения продолжительности его эффектов к С-концу были присоединены различные пролинсодержащие аминокислотные последовательности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold><bold> </bold>Изучение поведения крыс в тесте принудительного плавания при применении пептида GHK-PGP и его структурных аналогов.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold><bold> </bold>Эксперименты выполнены на 200 крысах-самцах Вистар массой 170–190 г. В работе использованы пептиды, синтезированные в лаборатории молекулярной фармакологии пептидов НИЦ «Курчатовский институт» (GHK, Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP), Gly-His-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro (GHK-PGP), Gly-His-Lys-Gly-Pro (GHK-GP), Gly-His-Lys-Pro (GHK-P), Gly-His-Lys-Val-Glu-Pro (GHK-VEP)), которые вводили внутрибрюшинно за 15 мин до начала эксперимента в дозах 0,5; 5,0 и 50,0 мкг/кг. Поведение животных оценивали в тесте принудительного плавания.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>GHK в дозе 5,0 мкг/кг вызывал снижение двигательной активности, а пептид PGP в дозах 0,5 и 50,0 мкг/кг обладал выраженным антидепрессивным действием. GHK-PGP обладал антидепрессивным действием только в дозе 5,0 мкг/кг. Таким образом, в общей молекуле GHK-PGP пептид PGP нивелировал эффект GHK и являлся ее структурной частью, определяющий данный вид биологической активности. У GHK-GP отсутствовали эффекты во всех дозах. Пептид GHK-VEP оказывал антидепрессивное действие в дозе 0,5 мкг/кг.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> GHK-PGP и его структурные модификации с применением пролинсодержащих аминокислотных последовательностей оказывают влияние на поведение в тесте принудительного плавания у крыс, при этом анксиолитический эффект GHK нивелируется с появлением антидепрессивного действия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gly-His-Lys</kwd><kwd>Pro-Gly-Pro</kwd><kwd>forced swim test</kwd><kwd>antidepressant effect</kwd><kwd>regulatory peptides</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Gly-His-Lys</kwd><kwd>Pro-Gly-Pro</kwd><kwd>тест принудительного плавания</kwd><kwd>антидепрессивный эффект</kwd><kwd>регуляторные пептиды</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kukowska M., Dzierzbicka K. Developments in the synthesis and biological activity of glycyl-L-histydyl- L-lysine derivatives. 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