<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">717232</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2026-04-06</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">belloh</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en"><italic>SNCA</italic> long 3’UTR transcripts in patients with synucleinopathy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Доля длинных 3’UTR транскриптов <italic>SNCA</italic> у больных синуклеинопатиями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5927-460X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karan</surname><given-names>Lyudmila S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карань</surname><given-names>Людмила Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, 5<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник молекулярно-генетической лаборатории 5-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>lskaran@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-1159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramycheva</surname><given-names>Natalia Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамычева</surname><given-names>Наталья Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, 5<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology; Candidate of Biological Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая молекулярно-генетической лабораторией 5-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии; Кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>abramicheva@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0728-8708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaev</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаев</surname><given-names>Иван Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist of the 5<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог 5-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>minaev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krutyakova</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крутякова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2<sup>nd</sup> year master’s degree student at the Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка II курса магистратуры биологического факультета </p></bio><email>tanyapankratova_1997@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-0331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Protopopova</surname><given-names>Anna O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протопопова</surname><given-names>Анна Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, 5<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник молекулярно-генетической лаборатории 5-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>anna.pro@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5290-5045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Protsenko</surname><given-names>Arina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проценко</surname><given-names>Арина Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, 5<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник молекулярно-генетической лаборатории 5-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>proсenko.a.r@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8707-180X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdalina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердалина</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Statistician, Department of Higher Qualification Training, Institute of Medical Education and Professional Development</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>статистик отдела подготовки кадров высшей квалификации Института медицинского образования и профессионального развития </p></bio><email>berdalina@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the 5<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology; Doctor of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель 5-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии; Доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>fedotova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director of the Brain Institute, Deputy Director; Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор Института мозга, заместитель директора по научной работе; Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Center of Neurology and Neuroscience</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2031-08-13"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717232">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717232</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of the alpha-synuclein protein are considered important links in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Regulation of mRNA stability and translational activity is primarily provided by the 3’untranslated region (3’UTR). The proportion of long 3’UTRs (3’UTR-L) is currently considered as a risk factor for PD.</p> <p><bold>Aim of the study.</bold><bold> </bold>To assess the proportion of 3’UTR-L SNCA transcripts with in patients with PD and MSA, and the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene on the 3’UTR-L/total SNCA mRNA ratio.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold><bold> </bold>The concentration of SNCA and 3’UTR-L mRNAs was determined in blood leukocytes of 84 patients (Russian population) with PD, 50 patients with MSA, and 49 healthy volunteers, by quantitative RT-PCR. The proportion of 3’UTR-L was expressed as a percentage of the total SNCA mRNA. SNP was determined by Sanger sequencing.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold><bold> </bold>Overall, the proportion of 3’UTR-L did not differ significantly between the PD, MSA, and control groups: in PD, the median proportion of 3’UTR-L was 30.9%, in MSA – 28.5%, in the control group – 29.8%, p = 0.21. A decrease in the proportion of 3’UTR-L by 15–21% relative to the median value for the group was detected in PD patients in association with the «risk» genotype GG at rs356168, rs356165, and rs3756063; in the MSA patient group, a decrease of 13–15% was also noted in relationship with the GG genotype at rs356168, rs356165, and the CC genotype at rs2737029. An increase in the proportion of 3’UTR-L by 17% was noted only in the PD group for “protective” genotype AA at rs356168 and rs356165.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold><bold> </bold>Посттранскрипционные и посттрансляционные изменения белка альфа-синуклеина рассматриваются как важные звенья в патогенезе болезни Паркинсона (БП) и мультисистемной атрофии (МСА). Регуляция стабильности мРНК и трансляционной активности в основном обеспечивается 3-нетранслируемой областью (3’UTR) гена. Доля длинных 3’UTR (3’UTR-L) в настоящее время рассматривается как фактор риска при БП.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценить долю SNCA транскриптов с 3’UTR-L у больных с БП, МСА и влияние однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (ОНП) в данном гене на соотношение 3’UTR-L/тотальная мРНК SNCA.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold><bold> </bold>В исследование были включены 84 пациента российской популяции с БП, 50 пациентов с МСА и 49 здоровых добровольцев. Концентрация мРНК SNCA и 3’UTR-L определялась в лейкоцитах крови методом количественной полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией. Доля 3’UTR-L выражалась в проценте от суммарной мРНК SNCA. Определение ОНП проводили методом секвенирования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>В целом доля 3’UTR-L значимо не отличалась в группах с БП, МСА и контрольной группе: при БП медиана доли 3’UTR-L составила 30,9%, при МСА – 28,5%, в контрольной группе – 29,8%, p = 0,21. Снижение доли 3’UTR-L на 15–21% относительно медианного значения для группы было выявлено у пациентов с БП в ассоциации с генотипом «риска» GG в rs356168, rs356165 и rs3756063; в группе пациентов с МСА снижение на 13–15% отмечалось также в связи c генотипом GG в rs356168, rs356165 и генотипом СС в rs2737029. Повышение доли 3’UTR-L на 17% отмечалось только в группе БП у носителей «протективного» генотипа AA в rs356168 и rs356165.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Обнаружение ассоциации 3’UTR-L с ОНП в регуляторных областях SNCA указывает на потенциальную роль данных ОНП в регуляции трансляции альфа-синуклеина посредством синтеза транскриптов с разной трансляционной активностью.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>multiple system atrophy</kwd><kwd>SNCA</kwd><kwd>3’-untranslated region</kwd><kwd>single nucleotide polymorphisms</kwd><kwd>alternative polyadenylation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>мультисистемная атрофия</kwd><kwd>SNCA</kwd><kwd>3’-нетранслируемая область</kwd><kwd>однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы</kwd><kwd>альтернативное полиаденилирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 24-25-00478 “Implementation of genetic and epigenetic predisposition to synucleinopathies”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках гранта РНФ №24-25-00478 «Реализация генетической и эпигенетической предрасположенности к синуклеинопатиям».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Junn E., Lee K.W., Jeong B.S., Chan T.W., Im J.Y., Mouradian M.M. Repression of alpha-synuclein expression and toxicity by microRNA-7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009; 106 (31): 13052–7. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906277106.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Doxakis E. Post-transcriptional regulation of alpha-synuclein expression by mir-7 and mir-153. J. Biol. Chem. 2010; 285 (17): 12726–34. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M109.086827.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Uwatoko H., Hama Y., Iwata I.T., Shirai S., Matsushima M., Yabe I., Utsumi J., Sasaki H. Identification of plasma microRNA expression changes in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease. Mol. Brain. 2019; 12 (1): 49. DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0471-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Soldner F., Stelzer Y., Shivalila C.S., Abraham B.J., Latourelle J.C., Barrasa M.I., Goldmann J., Myers R.H., Young R.A., Jaenisch R. Parkinson-associated risk variant in distal enhancer of α-synuclein modulates target gene expression. Nature. 2016; 533 (7601): 95–9. DOI: 10.1038/nature17939.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Marchese D., Botta-Orfila T., Cirillo D., Rodriguez J.A., Livi C.M., Fernández-Santiago R., Ezquerra M., Marti M.J., Bechara E., Tartaglia G.G. Catalan M.S.A. Registry (CMSAR). Discovering the 3’ UTR-mediated regulation of alpha-synuclein. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017; 45 (22): 12888–903. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1048.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Rhinn H., Qiang L., Yamashita T., Rhee D., Zolin A., Vanti W., Abeliovich A. Alternative α-synuclein transcript usage as a convergent mechanism in Parkinson’s disease pathology. Nat Commun. 2012; 3: 1084. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2032.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Sotiriou S., Gibney G., Baxevanis A.D., Nussbaum R.L. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3’UTR of the SNCA gene encoding alpha-synuclein is a new potential susceptibility locus for Parkinson disease. Neurosci Lett. 2009; 461 (2): 196–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.034.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Bae B., Miura P. Emerging Roles for 3’ UTRs in Neurons. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020; 21 (10): 3413. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103413</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Blažeković A., Jerčić K.G., Borovečki F. SNCA 3’ UTR Genetic Variants in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (12): 1799. DOI: 10.3390/biom11121799.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Satake W., Nakabayashi Y., Mizuta I. et al. Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at four loci as genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. Nature genetics. 2009; 41: 1303–7. DOI: 10.1038/ng.485</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Simon-Sanchez J., Schulte C., Bras J.M. Genome-wide association study reveals genetic risk underlying Parkinson’s disease. Nature genetics. 2009; 41: 1308–12. DOI: 10.1038/ng.487</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Nalls N.A., Plagnol V., Hernandez D.G. International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium. Imputation of sequence variants for identification of genetic risks for Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Lancet. 2011; 377 (9766): 641–9. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62345-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Szwedo A.A., Pedersen C.C., Anastasia Ushakova A et al. Association of SNCA Parkinson’s Disease Risk Polymorphisms With Disease Progression in Newly Diagnosed Patients. Frontiers in Neurology. 2021; 11: 620585. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.620585</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Y., Shu L., Qiying Sun O. et al. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Association Between SNCA Polymorphisms and the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease. Front Mol. Neurosci. 2018; 11: 391. DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00391</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Абрамычева Н.Ю., Карань Л.С., Протопопова А.О., Минаев И.В., Бердалина И.А., Федотова Е.Ю., Иллариошкин С.Н. Полиморфные варианты гена SNCA и риск развития синуклеинопатий. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2025; 19 (1): 43–52. DOI: 10.17816/ACEN.1220. [Abramycheva N., Karan L., Protopopova A., Minaev I., Berdalina I., Fedotova E., Illarioshkin S. Polymorphisms in the SNCA gene and the risk of synucleopathy. Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2025; 19 (1): 43–52. DOI: 10.17816/ACEN.1220</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Soldner F., Stelzer Y., Shivalila C.S., Abraham B.J., Latourelle J.C., Barrasa M.I., Goldmann J., Myers R.H., Young R.A., Jaenisch R. Parkinson-associated risk variant in distal enhancer of α-synuclein modulates target gene expression. Nature. 2016; 533 (7601): 95–9. DOI: 10.1038/nature17939.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Locascio J.J., Eberly S., Liao Z., Liu G., Hoesing A.N., Duong K., Trisini-Lipsanopoulos A., Dhima K., Hung A.Y., Flaherty A.W., Schwarzschild M.A., Hayes M.T., Wills A.M., Shivraj Sohur U., Mejia N.I., Selkoe D.J., Oakes D., Shoulson I., Dong X., Marek K., Zheng B., Ivinson A., Hyman B.T., Growdon J.H., Sudarsky L.R., Schlossmacher M.G., Ravina B., Scherzer C.R. Association between α-synuclein blood transcripts and early, neuroimaging-supported Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2015; 138 (9): 2659–71. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv202.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Pihlstrøm L., Berge V., Rengmark A., Toft M. Parkinson’s disease correlates with promoter methylation in the α-synuclein gene. Mov Disord. 2015; 30 (4): 577–80. DOI: 10.1002/mds.26073.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Wei Y., Yang N., Xu Q., Sun Q., Guo J., Li K., Liu Z., Yan X., Zhu X., Tang B. The rs3756063 polymorphism is associated with SNCA methylation in the Chinese Han population. J. Neurol Sci. 2016; 367: 11–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.05.037.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
