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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">717233</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2026-04-07</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">szpuni</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of phytocomposition based on <italic>B. vulgaris</italic>, <italic>C. bergamia</italic>, <italic>D. villosa</italic> and <italic>L. meyenii</italic> on the state of the germinal epithelium of rat testes on a high-fat diet</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние фитокомпозиции на основе <italic>B. vulgaris</italic>, <italic>C. bergamia</italic>, <italic>D. villosa</italic> и <italic>L. meyenii</italic> на состояние герминативного эпителия семенников крыс при высокожировой диете</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3245-483X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyavskaya</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синявская</surname><given-names>Анна Максимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Laboratory of Structural Foundations of the Pathogenesis of Socially Significant Diseases; Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории структурных основ патогенеза социально-значимых заболеваний; Кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>an.sadykova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-4153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deulin</surname><given-names>Il’ya Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деулин</surname><given-names>Илья Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Laboratory for the Study of viral diseases of plants and animals</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории исследования вирусных заболеваний растений и животных </p></bio><email>diy@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Palchikova</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пальчикова</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Endocrinology; Doctor of Biological Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории эндокринологии; Доктор биологических наук</p></bio><email>napalchikova@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-7289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selyatitskaya</surname><given-names>Vera G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селятицкая</surname><given-names>Вера Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief Researcher at the Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный научный сотрудник НИИ экспериментальной и клинической медицины; Доктор биологических наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vgselyatitskaya@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-413X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voevoda</surname><given-names>Mikhail I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воевода</surname><given-names>Михаил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director; Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор; Академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>director@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FSBSI “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2031-08-13"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717233">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717233</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold><bold> </bold>Plant biologically active compounds are considered as potential means of correcting reproductive function in obesity, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms of their action remain poorly understood.</p> <p><bold>The purpose of the study.</bold><bold> </bold>To study the effect of a phytocomposition (PC) based on extracts of bergamot fruit (Citrus Bergamia), dioscorea rhizome (wild yam, Dioscorea Villosa), barberry fruit (Berberis Vulgaris) and Peruvian maca root (Lepidium Meyenii) on the state of the germinal epithelium of rats kept on a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD).</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold><bold> </bold>Male Wistar rats (n=63) were divided into 8 groups (Gr). During 4 and 7 weeks, animals Gr1 and G5, respectively, received SD (the proportion of fat in total calories was 11%), Gr2 and Gr6 – SD + PC, Gr3 and G7 – HFD (the proportion of fat in total calories was 36%), Gr4 and Gr8 – HFD + PC. After removing the animals from the experiment, histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to study the morphology of the testes. An indirect streptavidin peroxidase method was used for the immunohistochemical study.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold><bold> </bold>After 4 weeks of keeping rats on HFD, a decrease in Ki-67 and vimentin expression, a 60% increase in caspase 3 expression, a 22% decrease in the number of Leydig cells were found in the testes; after 7 weeks, the revealed shifts were joined by a decrease in tubule diameter by 18% and a decrease in the height of the germinal epithelium by 25%. Simultaneous administration of PC partially compensated for the revealed disorders in HFD, the most pronounced effect on the increase in expression was found for vimentin.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold><bold> </bold>HFD causes degeneration of the testes, disrupting the balance of proliferation and apoptosis, FC has a protective effect, increasing proliferation and reducing apoptosis, preserving the structure of tubules and cellular composition.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold><bold> </bold>В качестве потенциальных средств коррекции репродуктивной функции при ожирении рассматривают растительные биологически активные соединения, однако молекулярноклеточные механизмы их действия остаются малоизученными.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold><bold> </bold>Изучить влияние фитокомпозиции (ФК) на основе экстрактов плодов бергамота (Citrus Bergamia), корневища диоскореи (дикого ямса, Dioscorea Villosa), плодов барбариса (Berberis Vulgaris) и корней маки перуанской (Lepidium Meyenii) на состояние герминативного эпителия крыс, содержавшихся на стандартном рационе питания (СРП) или высокожировой диете (ВЖД).</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold><bold> </bold>Самцов крыс линии Вистар (n=63) разделили на 8 групп (Г). В течение 4 и 7 нед животные Г1 и Г5 соответственно получали СРП (в общей калорийности доля жиров составляла 11%), Г2 и Г6 – СРП+ФК, Г3 и Г7 – ВЖД (в общей калорийности доля жиров составляла 36%), Г4 и Г8 – ВЖД+ФК. После выведения животных из эксперимента гистологические срезы для исследования морфологии семенников окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином. Для иммуногистохимического исследования использовали непрямой стрептавидин-пероксидазный метод.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>Через 4 нед содержания крыс на ВЖД в семенниках обнаружены снижение экспрессии Ki-67 и виментина, повышение на 60% экспрессии каспазы 3, снижение числа клеток Лейдига на 22%; через 7 нед – к выявленным сдвигам присоединились снижение диаметра канальцев на 18% и уменьшение высоты герминативного эпителия на 25%. Одновременный прием ФК частично компенсировал выявленные нарушения при ВЖД, наиболее выраженный эффект по приросту экспрессии был обнаружен для виментина.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>ВЖД вызывает дегенерацию семенников, нарушая баланс пролиферации и апоптоза, ФК оказывает протективный эффект, усиливая пролиферацию и снижая апоптоз, сохраняя структуру канальцев и клеточный состав.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>high-fat diet</kwd><kwd>phytocomposition</kwd><kwd>testes</kwd><kwd>germinal epithelium</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>Ki-67 expression</kwd><kwd>caspases and vimentin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>высокожировая диета</kwd><kwd>фитокомпозиция</kwd><kwd>семенники</kwd><kwd>герминативный эпителий</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>экспрессия Ki-67</kwd><kwd>каспазы и виментина</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the State assignment of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center for Physics and Technology using equipment from the Center for Collective Use “Modern Optical Systems”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ ФИЦ ФТМ с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Современные оптические системы».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ayoub AL-Jawaldeh, Marwa M.S. 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