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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">717234</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2026-04-08</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">qexosp</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Artificial intelligence and multimodal phenotyping of obesity: a path toward personalized molecular medicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Искусственный интеллект и мультимодальное фенотипирование ожирения: путь к персонализированной молекулярной медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1095-8787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinevich</surname><given-names>Vladimir B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриневич</surname><given-names>Владимир Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Department (Advanced Therapy Training); Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий 2-й кафедрой (терапии усовершенствования врачей); Доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>szgc@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-2986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakrevsky</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закревский</surname><given-names>Виктор Вениаминович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of the 2nd Department (Advanced Therapy Training); Doctor of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент 2-й кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей); Доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>vzakr@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-0531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchuk</surname><given-names>Yuri A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравчук</surname><given-names>Юрий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Department (Advanced Therapy Training); Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор 2-й кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей); Доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>kravchuk2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5623-4226</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6166-7005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstov</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селивёрстов</surname><given-names>Павел Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, 2<sup>nd</sup> Department (Advanced Therapy Training); Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент 2-й кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей), ответственный за координацию научной работы; Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>seliverstov-pv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8400-3382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Auzina</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аузина</surname><given-names>Анна Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6<sup>th</sup> year student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6 курса</p></bio><email>annaauzina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3808-0251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Russkova</surname><given-names>Anastasia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русскова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6<sup>th</sup> year student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6 курса</p></bio><email>nastya.russ2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2142-6753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6<sup>th</sup> year student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6 курса</p></bio><email>Katyafresh@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-9578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salikova</surname><given-names>Svetlana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саликова</surname><given-names>Светлана Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Department of Advanced Therapy for Physicians; Doctor of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор 2-й кафедры терапии усовершенствования врачей; Доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>salikova.1966@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» МО РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="accepted"><event-desc>Accepted:<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2031-08-13"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717234">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717234</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Body mass index remains a convenient screening tool but fails to capture fat distribution, body composition, molecular inflammatory status, psychobehavioral features, or obesity-related end-organ dysfunction.</p> <p><bold>Objective.</bold><bold> </bold>To develop and substantiate the methodological architecture of a multimodal obesity phenotyping platform using machine-learning algorithms; to define the analytical toolkit for each clinical-biological domain; and to demonstrate the diagnostic capacity of the platform to discriminate clinically similar but molecularly distinct obesity phenotypes using modelled clinical scenarios.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold><bold> </bold>An analytical, conceptual-modelling study was performed. A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus publications (2021–2026) was conducted. An eight-domain phenotyping matrix, ML-algorithm stack, and two-tier CDSS architecture were developed in compliance with TRIPOD+AI, DECIDE-AI, CONSORT-AI, and SPIRIT-AI standards. Diagnostic value was demonstrated through two simulation-based clinical scenarios built on published ranges of real clinical parameters.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold><bold> </bold>A hierarchical two-tier system is proposed: an Authors’ Integral Obesity Index as a first-line screening tool (a metabolic modification of previously developed and registered risk-stratification algorithms) and a multimodal AI platform as a second-line precision diagnostic ecosystem. The simulation scenarios confirmed the platform’s ability to discriminate clinically meaningful molecular differences between patients sharing identical BMI values.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Multimodal obesity phenotyping with AI enables a shift from BMI-centric assessment to personalized clinical stratification. Interpretable algorithms implementing CDSS show the highest practical potential. Prospective clinical validation is the next essential step.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Индекс массы тела (ИМТ) остается удобным скрининговым показателем, однако не отражает распределение жировой ткани, состав тела, молекулярно-воспалительный профиль, психоповеденческие особенности и органные осложнения ожирения. Это ограничивает его применение в персонализированной диагностике и выборе терапии.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования. Разработать и обосновать методологическую архитектуру платформы мультимодального фенотипирования ожирения с применением алгоритмов машинного обучения; определить аналитический аппарат для каждого клинико-биологического домена; продемонстрировать диагностическую способность платформы разводить клинически схожие, но молекулярно различные фенотипы ожирения на модельных клинических сценариях.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold><bold> </bold>Выполнено аналитико-моделирующее концептуальное исследование. Проведен системный обзор публикаций PubMed/MEDLINE и Scopus за 2021–2026 гг. по клиническому ожирению, многоомным маркерам, цифровому фенотипированию и машинному обучению. Разработаны 8-доменная матрица мультимодального фенотипирования, технологический стек ML-алгоритмов и архитектура двухуровневой системы поддержки принятия врачебных решений (СППВР) в соответствии со стандартами TRIPOD+AI, DECIDE-AI, CONSORT-AI и SPIRIT-AI. Диагностическая ценность модели продемонстрирована на двух симуляционных клинических сценариях, построенных на основе литературных данных о реальных диапазонах клинических параметров.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>Предложена иерархическая двухуровневая система: авторский интегральный индекс ожирения как инструмент скрининга первой линии, представляющий собой метаболическую модификацию ранее разработанных авторами алгоритмов искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) донозологической стратификации риска, и мультимодальная ИИ-платформа как аналитическая экосистема прецизионной диагностики второй линии. Симуляционные сценарии подтвердили дискриминационную способность платформы выявлять клинически значимые молекулярные различия между пациентами с одинаковыми показателями ИМТ.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>Мультимодальное фенотипирование ожирения с применением ИИ обеспечивает переход от ИМТ-центричной оценки к персонализированной клинической стратификации. Наибольший потенциал имеют интерпретируемые алгоритмы, реализующие СППВР, а не автономные диагностические «черные ящики». Дальнейшее развитие модели предполагает проспективную клиническую валидацию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>multimodal phenotyping</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>inflammaging</kwd><kwd>CDSS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>мультимодальное фенотипирование</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>инфламейджинг</kwd><kwd>СППВР</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rubino F., Cummings D.E., Eckel R.H. et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025; 13 (3): 221–62. 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