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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Urologiia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Urologiia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Урология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2985</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9020</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">322098</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/urology.2018.1.77-83</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">SPECIES COMPOSITION AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAINS OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS OF A HOSPITAL’S UROLOGY DEPARTMENT</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВИДОВАЯ СТРУКТУРА И МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНЫХ ШТАММОВ ГРАМОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫХ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ОТ ПАЦИЕНТОВ УРОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalekenov</surname><given-names>B. U</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалекенов</surname><given-names>Б. У.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Med.Sci., Prof., Head of the Department of Urology and Andrology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой урологии и андрологии</p></bio><email>prof.s.bulat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bissekenova</surname><given-names>A. L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бисекенова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Md, PhD, docent of microbiology, virology and immunology department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии</p></bio><email>bissekenova_akma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanova</surname><given-names>B. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанова</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Med.Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии</p></bio><email>b.ramazanova@kaznmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adambekov</surname><given-names>D. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адамбеков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Med.Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведущий кафедрой микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии</p></bio><email>d.adambekov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalekenov</surname><given-names>S. B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалекенов</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor at the Department of Urology and Andrology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры урологии и андрологии</p></bio><email>s.shalekenov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский медицинский университет непрерывного образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С. Д. Асфендиярова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия им. И. К. Ахунбаева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2985/article/view/322098">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2985/article/view/322098</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: To analyze the composition and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria - pathogens of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adult patients living in the city of Almaty. Materials and methods. The study examined the etiological composition and antibiotic susceptibility of clinically significant isolates of bacteria and fungi (≥ 103) isolated from the urine of the patients of the Department of Urology of the Almaty city Central Clinical Hospital No. 12. The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in antibiotic-resistant strains was determined using a phenotypic method with the double disk test. Detection of class A genes for cultures with confirmed ESBL phenotypes (TEM-1, CTX-M1, SHV, OXA) and carbapenemases of class B metallo-β-lactamases (VIM-2) genes was performed by PCR. Results. Among the isolates obtained from patients, the species of Enterobacteriaceae family in the etiological composition of the UTI pathogens comprised 44.8% including E. coli (31%), K. pneumoniae (4.6%). The most effective drugs against all types of Enterobacteria were carbapenems (96.3-100%). E.coli showed highest sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (96.3%), amikacin (92.6%) and cefoxitin (81.5%). The high rate of resistance to III-IV generation cephalosporins among of E. coli (44.4%) and K. pneumoniae (50%) species was due to the production of ESBL types CTX-M1 and OXA. The proportion of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria in the etiological composition of UTI pathogens was 3.5%. Among them, there was a strain producing the metal β-lactamase (VIM-2), characterized by absolute resistance to antibiotics of all classes, including carbapenems. Conclusion. The findings on sensitivity profiles and molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance of Gram-negative uropathogens are unique for the Almaty region provides the rationale for developing a local strategy for rational antibiotic therapy. Timely microbiological diagnosis and strict adherence to infection control in a specific hospital are the only way to contain the spread of ESBL and metal β-lactamase.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель: провести анализ структуры и молекулярных механизмов антибиотикорезистентности грамотрицательных бактерий - возбудителей инфекций мочевыводящих путей (ИМП) у взрослых пациентов Алматы. Материалы и методы. Изучены этиологическая структура и антибиотикочувствительность клинически значимых изолятов бактерий и грибов (≥ 103), выделенных из мочи пациентов отделения урологии ЦГКБ № 12 Алматы. Продукцию β-лактамазрасширенного спектра действия (БЛРС) у антибиотикорезистентных штаммов определяли фенотипическим методом двойных дисков. Детекцию генов класса А для культур с подтвержденным БЛРС-фенотипом (TEM1, CTX-M1, SHV, OXA), генов карбапенемаз класса B металло-β-лактамаз (VIM-2) проводили методом ПЦР. Результаты. Среди изолятов, полученных от пациентов, доля представителей семейства Enterobacteriaceae в этиологической структуре возбудителей ИМП составила 44,8%, в том числе E. coli была возбудителем в 31% случаев, K. pneumoniae - в 4,6%. Наибольшей активностью по отношению ко всем видам энтеробактерий обладали карбапенемы (96,3-100%). В отношении E. coli высокую активность проявляли нитрофурантоин (96,3%), амикацин (92,6%) и цефокситин (81,5%). Высокая частота резистентности к цефалоспоринам III-IVпоколений E. coli (44,4%), K. pneumoniae (50%) была обусловлена продукцией БЛРС CTX-M1- и OXA-типов. Доля неферментирующих грамотрицательных: бактерий в этиологической структуре возбудителей ИМП составила 3,5%. Среди них зарегистрирован штамм, продуцирующий металло-β-лактамазу (VIM-2), характеризующийся абсолютной резистентностью к антибиотикам всех классов, включая карбапенемы. Заключение. Полученные данные по профилям чувствительности и молекулярно-генетическим механизмам резистентности грамотрицательных уропатогенов уникальны для региона (Алматы), позволяют разработать тактику рациональной антибиотикотерапии. Своевременная микробиологическая диагностика и строгое соблюдение мер инфекционного контроля в конкретном стационаре - единственный путь сдерживания распространения БЛРС, МБЛ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Enterobacteriaceae</kwd><kwd>urinary tract infections</kwd><kwd>gram-negative microorganisms</kwd><kwd>Enterobacteriaceae</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>extended-spectrum β-lactamase</kwd><kwd>metal-β- lactamase</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекции мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>грамотрицательные микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>β-лактамазы расширенного спектра</kwd><kwd>металло-β-лактамазы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Palagin I.S., Sukhorukova M.V., Dekhnich A.V., Eidel’shtein M.V., Shevelev A.N., Grinev A.V., Perepanova T.S., Kozlov R.S., DARMIS study group. 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