<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Urologiia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Urologiia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Урология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2985</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9020</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">322164</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/urology.2018.1.150-154</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">CURRENT VIEW ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF VARICOCELE AND THE PROBLEM OF ITS RECURRENCE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ПАТОГЕНЕЗ ВАРИКОЦЕЛЕ И ПРОБЛЕМУ РАЗВИТИЯ ЕГО РЕЦИДИВОВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Studennikova</surname><given-names>V. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Студенникова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teaching Assistant at the Acad. A.I. Strukov Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии лечебного факультета им. акад. А. И. Струкова</p></bio><email>t.studennikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Severgina</surname><given-names>L. O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севергина</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Med.Sci., Prof. at Acad. A.I. Strukov Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры патологической анатомии лечебного факультета им. акад. А.И. Струкова</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismailov</surname><given-names>M. T</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исмаилов</surname><given-names>М. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident at the Urology Clinic, UCH №2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор клиники урологии УКБ № 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovin</surname><given-names>I. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Forth Year Student at the CIEP «Medicine of the Future»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 4-го курса ДОП МШ «Медицина будущего» по специальности «лечебное дело»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rapoport</surname><given-names>L. M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рапопорт</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Med.Sci., Prof. at the Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Deputy Director for Clinical Care of the Research Institute for Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры урологии лечебного факультета, заместитель директора по лечебной работе НИИ уронефрологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>A. I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Head of the Department of Pediatric Urology and Elective Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий отделением детской урологии и плановой хирургии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrukhina</surname><given-names>Yu. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрухина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Teaching Assistant at the Department of Pediatric Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры детской хирургии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First MSMU (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.F. Filatov Children’s Hospital № 13</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ ДГКБ № 13 им. Н. Ф. Филатова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov RNRMU</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2985/article/view/322164">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2985/article/view/322164</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The clinical signs of varicocele typically emerge during the puberty. Varicocele is found in 15% of men in the general population and 25-35% and 50-80% of maies presenting with primary and secondary infertility, respectively. Factors contributing to the development and recurrence of varicocele include the abnormalities of the testicular venous drainage and outflow (varicose veins are more common on the left than on the right), the anatomical features of the veins of the testicular and prostatic venous plexus, the patient’s constitution, predisposition to constipation or diarrhea, physical activity. At present, the genetic defects, including the undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) with hereditary insufficiency of venous valves and the weakness of the testicular vein wails, are thought to play a key role in the formation of a varicocele. Considering the importance of varicocele in the development of maie infertility, the roie of the UCTD in varicoceie formation warrants a detaiied investigation to provide an individuai approach to patients and predict the disease recurrence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Клинические признаки варикоцеле обычно начинают проявляться в пубертатном периоде. В общей популяции варикоцеле обнаруживается у 15% мужчин, причем среди пациентов, страдающих первичным бесплодием, этот показатель достигает 25-35%, а у мужчин с вторичным бесплодием - уже 50-80%. К факторам, способствующим развитию варикоцеле, а также его рецидивов, можно отнести структуру венозного дренажа и оттока (в подавляющем большинстве наблюдений варикоцеле развивается слева), особенности анатомического строения вен сосудистых сплетений яичка и простаты, тип конституции пациента, склонность к запорам или длительной диарее, наличие физических нагрузок. В настоящее время ключевая роль в формировании варикоцеле отводится генетической составляющей, включая наличие синдрома недифференцированной дисплазии соединительной ткани (ДСТ) с врожденной несостоятельностью венозных клапанов и слабостью стенок яичковых вен. С учетом значимости варикоцеле в развитии мужского бесплодия детальное изучение роли синдрома ДСТ в его формировании позволит обеспечить индивидуальный подход к лечению пациентов и прогнозировать развитие рецидивов заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mechanisms of varicocele development</kwd><kwd>recurrent varicocele</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic factors</kwd><kwd>undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>механизмы развития варикоцеле</kwd><kwd>рецидивириующее варикоцеле</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические факторы</kwd><kwd>недифференцированная дисплазия соединительной ткани</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>De Los Reyes T., Locke J., Afshar K. Varicoceles in the pediatric population: Diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017;11(1-2):34-39. Doi: 10.5489/cuaj.4340.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Yetkin E., Ileri M. Dilating venous disease: Pathophysiology and a systematic aspect to different vascular territories. Med Hypotheses. 2016;91:73-76. Doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Kovrov I.V. Anatomical and topological approaches to diagnosis and choice of surgical treatment of patients with varicocele. Byulleten’ SO RAMN. 2010;2(30): 114-199.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Alsaikhan B., Alrabeeah K., Delouya G., Zini A. Epidemiology of varicocele. Asian J Androl. 2016; 18(2): 179-181. Doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.172640.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Rotker K., Sigman M. Recurrent varicocele. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2016;18:229-233. Doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.171578.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Moon K.H., Cho S.J., Kim K.S., Park S., Park S. Recurrent varicoceles: causes and treatment using angiography and magnification assisted subinguinal varicocelectomy. Yonsei Med J. 2012;53(4):723-8. Doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.4.723.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Ucar V.B., Nami B., Acar H., Kilinç M. Is methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene A1298C polymorphism related with varicocele risk? Andrologia. 2015;47(1):42-46. Doi: 10.1111/and.12229.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Limaye N., Kangas J., Mendola A., Godfraind C., Schlogel M.J., Helaers R., Eklund L., Boon L.M., Vikkula M. Somatic activating PIK3CA mutations cause venous malformation. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2015;97(6):914-921. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Castel P., Carmona F.J., Grego-Bessa J., Berger M.F., Viale A., Anderson K.V., Bague S., Scaltriti M., Antonescu C.R., Baselga E., Baselga J. Somatic PIK3CA mutations as a driver of sporadic venous malformations. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(332):332ra42. Doi: 10.1126/ scitranslmed.aaf1164.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Yetkin E., Kilic S., Acikgoz N., Ergin H., Aksoy Y., Sincer I., Aktürk E., Beytur A., Sivri N., Turhan H. Increased prevalence of varicocele in patients with coronary artery ectasia. Coron Artery Dis. 2005;16(5): 261-264.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kiliç S., Aksoy Y., Sincer I., Oguz F., Erdil N., Yetkin E. Cardiovascular evaluation of young patients with varicocele. Fertil Steril. 2007;88(2):369-373. Doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.119.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Sakamoto H., Ogawa Y.J. Is varicocele associated with underlying venous abnormalities? Varicocele and the prostatic venous plexus. Urol. 2008;180(4):1427-1431. Doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.06.048.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Serra R., Buffone G., Costanzo G. Altered metalloproteinase-9 expression as least common denominator between varicocele, inguinal hernia, and chronic venous disorders. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014;28(3):705-709. Doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2013.07.026.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Dogan F., Armagan A., Oksay T., Akman T., Aylak F., Bas E. Impact of micronised purified flavonoid fraction on increased malondialdehyde and decreased metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 levels in varicocele: outcome of an experimentally induced varicocele. Andrologia. 2014;46(4):380-385. Doi: 10.1111/and.12091.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Shiraishi K., Naito K. Nitric oxide produced in the testis is involved in dilatation of the internal spermatic vein that compromises spermatogenesis in infertile men with varicocele. BJU Int. 2007;99(5):1086-1090. Doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06800.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Moon K.H., Cho S.J., Kim K.S., Park S., Park S. Recurrent varicoceles: causes and treatment using angiography and magnification assisted subinguinal varicocelectomy. Med J. 2012;53(4):723-728. Doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.4.723.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kadurina T.I. Hereditary collagenopathies: clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. SPb.: Nevskii dialekt, 2000; 270 p. Russian (Кадурина Т.И. Наследственные коллагенопатии : клиника, диагностика, лечение, диспансеризация. СПб.: Невский диалект, 2000; 270 с.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Kravtsov Yu.A., Makarov V.I., Sichinava Z.A., Polushin O.G., Yarovskaya M. V. The role of the undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome in the recurrence of varicocele. Sibirskii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2011;26(3):92-96.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
