UrologiiaUrologiiaУрология1728-29852414-9020Bionika Media62648910.18565/urology.2023.6.122-126Literature reviewsОбзоры литературыReview ArticlePredictors of therapy efficacy of immune response checkpoint inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinomaПредикторы эффективности терапии ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунного ответа при светлоклеточной почечно-клеточной карциномеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-5632GilyazovaI. R.ГилязоваИ. Р.
Russian Federation

Ph.D. in Biology, Associate Professor, Senior Research Fellow, the Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

к.б.н., доцент, с.н.с., доцент кафедры медицинской генетики и фундаментальной медицины, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной генетики

gilyasova_irina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-9243IzmailovА. А.ИзмайловА. А.
Russian Federation

Ph.D., MD, Associate Professor, Head Physician, Professor at the Department of Urology

д.м.н, доцент, главный врач, профессор кафедры урологии

izmailov75@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-8037AsadullinaD. D.АсадуллинаД. Д.
Russian Federation

Ph.D. student, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

аспирант, м.н.с. лаборатории молекулярной генетики

dilara.asadullina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-8658IvanovaE. A.ИвановаЕ. А.
Russian Federation

Ph.D. in Biology, Research Fellow

к.б.н., н.с.

lissa987@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897PavlovV. N.ПавловВ. Н.
Russian Federation

Ph.D., MD, Professor, Rector, Head of the Department of Urology with the course of postgraduate education

д.м.н., профессор, ректор, заведующий кафедры урологии с курсом ИДПО

vpavlov3@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-3334KhusnutdinovaE. K.ХуснутдиноваЭ. К.
Russian Federation

Doctor of Biological Science, Professor, Director, Head of the Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine

д.б.н., профессор, директор, заведующий кафедры генетики и фундаментальной медицины

elzakh@mail.ruInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, RASФГБУН «Институт биохимии генетики Уфимского научного центра Российской академии наук»Bashkir State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииRepublican Clinical Oncology DispensaryГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер» МЗ РБ2712202361221260402202404022024Copyright ©; 2023, Bionika MediaCopyright ©; 2023, ООО «Бионика Медиа»2023Bionika MediaООО «Бионика Медиа»https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2985/article/view/626489

Immunotherapy in oncologic diseases involves the use of drugs which stimulate the immune system and indirectly suppress tumor cells growth. These agents have expanded the treatment options for cancer patients. Despite the impressive success achieved in the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and subsequent approval in a broader spectrum of malignant tumors, most patients are not responded the therapy. Currently available predictive markers of efficacy are nonspecific. However, microRNAs are of particular interest, which regulate gene expression and are involved in the carcinogenesis and therapy resistance. Therefore, it is clear that for the most efficient and cost-effective use of ICIs, it is important to have validated biomarkers that will accurately predict the therapeutic response. The published results on molecular genetic changes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were analyzed and summarized in order to determine possible prognostic biomarkers when prescribing ICI therapy.

Иммунотерапия онкологических заболеваний включает применение методов лечения для стимуляции иммунной системы и косвенного подавления роста опухолевых клеток. Применение иммуннотерапевтических препаратов позволило расширить возможности лечения онкологических больных. Несмотря на впечатляющий успех, достигнутый в разработке ингибиторов контрольной точки иммунитета (ИКТИ), большинство пациентов не демонстрируют ответа на терапию. Имеющиеся на данный момент маркеры эффективности являются неспецифичными. Для наиболее эффективного и экономичного применения ИКТИ важно идентифицировать специфичные биомаркеры, которые позволят предсказать терапевтический ответ на терапию с высокой точностью и специфичностью. Особый интерес представляют микроРНК, которые регулируют экспрессию генов, вовлечены в процесс канцерогенеза и резистентности к терапии. В статье проведены анализ и обобщение результатов исследований молекулярно-генетических изменений у пациентов с почечно-клеточной карциномой (ПКК) с целью их возможного использования в качестве прогностических биомаркеров при назначении терапии ИКТИ.

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