Prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms during the first pregnancy in healthy women

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Abstract

Objective. The study of the prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in healthy primigravida with one fetus throughout pregnancy in one of the southern cities of Russia.

Materials and Methods. A non-interventional observational prospective study with sequential recruitment was conducted in a single center between 2021 and 2022, in which 30 healthy primigravidas were selected from 280 pregnant women according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were obtained by questionnaire, The I-PSS questionnaire and the visual analogue pain scale were used.

Results. LUTS develop already in the first trimester of pregnancy, progressively increasing towards its end. The frequency of registration of daytime and nighttime pollakiuria in the first trimester is 60%, reaching 100% in the third trimester. Throughout the entire observation period, the prevailing symptoms were irritative, their frequency becoming maximum towards the end of pregnancy. Nocturia manifests itself in a similar way. Moderate to severe LUTS symptoms progressed over the study period.

Discussion. Studies similar to ours have been conducted previously in many countries, but in Russia for the first time. They examined urinary incontinence, symptoms of overactive bladder, and the impact of voiding problems on quality of life. According to our data, the entire spectrum of LUTS is recorded in pregnant women, and their prevalence is higher than in the general population. We assume that the differences may be associated with the characteristics of the course of pregnancy (fetal presentation, polyhydramnios), the characteristics of the cohort (age, social status, etc.), women’s concerns for the well-being of the fetus and the outcome of pregnancy, which is reflected in quality of life indicators, worsening from the first to third trimester.

The limitations of the study are related to its conduct in a single urban medical center, strict selection of women, which led to a small sample size. In this regard, the results of generalization of our data should not be extended to the entire country.

Conclusion. Urgency, daytime pollakiuria and nocturia, increasing in frequency and severity throughout pregnancy, are characteristic of young healthy primigravidas and distinguish them from non-pregnant women. The increase in LUTS during pregnancy determines the deterioration in the quality of life of women. This necessitates timely urological consultation at all stages of pregnancy.

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About the authors

M. I. Kogan

Rostov State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: dept_kogan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1710-0169

Ph.D., MD, Honored Scientist of Russian Federation, professor,  Head of the Department of Urology and Human Reproductive Health with the course of pediatric urology and andrology

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

N. V. Vorobyeva

Rostov State Medical University

Email: nansi71@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2986-3099

Ph.D. student at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No.1

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

I. I. Belousov

Rostov State Medical University

Email: belrost_dept@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0674-9429

Ph.D., MD, associate professor, Professor at the Department of Urology and Human Reproductive Health with the course of pediatric urology and andrology

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

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