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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Trudy NGTU im. R.E. Alekseeva</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Trudy NGTU im. R.E. Alekseeva</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Труды НГТУ им. Р.Е. Алексеева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1816-210X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702211</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46960/1816-210X_2025_2_16</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DWDWMB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE, MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Информатика, управление и системный анализ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Research of methods for calculating gradient of gas-dynamic quantities in finite volume difference schemes in aerodynamic problems</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование методов вычисления градиента газодинамических величин в конечно-объемных разностных схемах для решения задач аэродинамики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-6612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuchkov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жучков</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rnzhuchkov@vniief.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-0835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozelkov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козелков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ASKozelkov@vniief.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3143-7632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meleshkin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелешкин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nvmeleshkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-8968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Struchkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стручков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>andrye134@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Federal Nuclear Center ‒ The All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский федеральный ядерный центр «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod state technical university n.a. R.E. Alekseev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-05"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-05"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Zhuchkov R.N., Kozelkov A.S., Meleshkin N.V., Struchkov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Жучков Р.Н., Козелков А.С., Мелешкин Н.В., Стручков А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhuchkov R.N., Kozelkov A.S., Meleshkin N.V., Struchkov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жучков Р.Н., Козелков А.С., Мелешкин Н.В., Стручков А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1816-210X/article/view/702211">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1816-210X/article/view/702211</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents a study of the accuracy of calculating the gradient of an arbitrary value in CAE modeling. The Green-Gauss method and the least squares method (LSM) were chosen as the basic methods. The author's hybrid method is proposed on their basis. The most commonly used block-structured grids in practice are considered to analyze the accuracy of the methodology. The gradient calculation operation is performed for a given function and the numerical value of the gradient is compared with the exact value. The Green-Gauss method has greater accuracy for elongated cells, and the LSM has greater accuracy for cells with non-orthogonal edges. In the proposed hybrid approach, the gradient value is defined as the sum of the gradient values calculated by the Green-Gauss method and the LSM, taking into account the proposed weight functions. The presented method can be recommended for developing a numerical algorithm within the framework of CAE modeling.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследована точность вычисления градиента произвольной величины при CAE-моделировании. В качестве базовых выбраны метод Грина-Гаусса и метод наименьших квадратов (МНК), на основе которых предлагается авторский гибридный метод. Для анализа точности методологии рассмотрены блочно-структурированные сетки, наиболее часто используемые на практике. Операция вычисления градиента выполняется для заданной функции, а численное значение градиента сравнивается с точным значением. Установлено, что метод Грина-Гаусса имеет большую точность для вытянутых ячеек, а МНК – для ячеек с неортогональными гранями. В предлагаемом гибридном подходе значение градиента определяется путем сложения его значений, вычисленных методом Грина-Гаусса и МНК. При этом каждое из них берется с учетом предложенной авторами весовой функции. Представленный подход может быть рекомендован при разработке численного алгоритма в рамках CAE-моделирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>software package</kwd><kwd>Navier-Stokes equations</kwd><kwd>gradient calculation</kwd><kwd>block-structured grid</kwd><kwd>weight function</kwd><kwd>least squares method</kwd><kwd>Green-Gauss method</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пакет программ</kwd><kwd>уравнения Навье-Стокса</kwd><kwd>вычисление градиента</kwd><kwd>блочно-структурированная расчетная сетка</kwd><kwd>весовая функция</kwd><kwd>метод наименьших квадратов</kwd><kwd>метод Грина-Гаусса</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The results were obtained with the financial support of the national project "Science and Universities" within the framework of the program of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the creation of youth laboratories No. FSWE-2024-0001 (scientific topic: "Development of numerical methods, models and algorithms for describing the flows of liquids and gases in natural conditions, and operating conditions of industrial facilities under normal and critical conditions on supercomputers with exa- and zetta performance")</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Результаты получены при финансовой поддержке национального проекта «Наука и университеты» в рамках программы Минобрнауки РФ по созданию молодежных лабораторий № FSWE-2024-0001 (научная тема: «Разработка численных методов, моделей и алгоритмов для описания течений жидкостей и газов в естественных природных условиях, и условиях функционирования индустриальных объектов в штатных и критических условиях на суперкомпьютерах экса- и зеттапроизводительности»)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mavriplis D.J. 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