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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Samara State Technical University, Ser. Physical and Mathematical Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Samara State Technical University, Ser. Physical and Mathematical Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Самарского государственного технического университета. Серия «Физико-математические науки»</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1991-8615</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2310-7081</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Samara State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20619</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14498/vsgtu1723</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Closed vortex lines in fluid and gas</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Замкнутые вихревые линии в жидкости и газе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizykh</surname><given-names>Grigory Borisovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизых</surname><given-names>Григорий Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of physico-mathematical sciences, Associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент</p></bio><email>o1o2o3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский авиационный институт (государственный технический университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 23, NO3 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 23, №3 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>407</fpage><lpage>416</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Samara State Technical University</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Самарский государственный технический университет</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samara State Technical University</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный технический университет</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1991-8615/article/view/20619">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1991-8615/article/view/20619</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Continuous fluid and gas flows with closed vortex tubes are investigated. The circulation along the vortex line of the ratio of the density of the resultant of all forces (applied to the fluid or gas) to the density of the fluid or gas is considered. It coincides with the circulation (along the same vortex line) of the partial derivative of the velocity vector with respect to time and, therefore, for stationary flows, it is equal to zero on any closed vortex line. For non-stationary flows, vortex tubes are considered, which remain closed for at least a certain time interval. A previously unknown regularity has been discovered, consisting in the fact that at, each fixed moment of time, such circulation is the same for all closed vortex lines that make up the vortex tube. This regularity is true for compressible and incompressible, viscous (various rheologies) and non-viscous fluids in a field of potential and non-potential external mass forces. Since this regularity is not embedded in modern numerical algorithms, it can be used to verify the numerical calculations of unsteady flows with closed vortex tubes by checking the equality of circulations on different closed vortex lines (in a tube). The expression for the distribution density of the resultant of all forces applied to fluid or gas may contain higher-order derivatives. At the same time, the expression for the partial derivative of the velocity vector with respect to time and the expression for the vector of vorticity (which is necessary for constructing the vortex line) contain only the first derivatives; which makes it possible to use new regularity for verifying the calculations made by methods of high and low orders simaltaniously.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследуется непрерывное течение жидкости и газа с замкнутыми вихревыми трубками. Рассмотрена циркуляция вдоль вихревой линии отношения плотности равнодействующей всех сил (приложенных к жидкости или газу) к плотности жидкости или газа. Она совпадает с циркуляцией по той же вихревой линии частной производной вектора скорости по времени и поэтому для стационарных течений равна нулю на любой замкнутой вихревой линии. Для нестационарных течений рассмотрены вихревые трубки, которые остаются замкнутыми по крайней мере в течение некоторого интервала времени. Обнаружена неизвестная ранее закономерность, состоящая в том, что в каждый фиксированный момент времени такая циркуляция одинакова для всех замкнутых вихревых линий, составляющих вихревую трубку. Указанная закономерность верна для течений сжимаемых и несжимаемых, вязких (различных реологий) и невязких жидкостей в поле потенциальных и непотенциальных внешних массовых сил. Поскольку эта закономерность не заложена в современные численные алгоритмы, она может использоваться для верификации численных расчетов нестационарных течений с замкнутыми вихревыми трубками путем проверки равенства циркуляций на разных замкнутых вихревых линиях (в одной трубке). Выражение для плотности распределения равнодействующей всех сил, приложенных к жидкости или газу, может содержать производные высших порядков. В то же время выражение для частной производной вектора скорости по времени и выражение для вектора завихренности, который необходим для построения вихревой линии, содержат только первые производные, что позволяет использовать обнаруженную закономерность для верификации расчетов, проведенных методами не только высокого, но и низкого порядков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>closed vortex tubes</kwd><kwd>verification of calculations of fluid and gas flows</kwd><kwd>vortex theorems</kwd><kwd>Zorawski’s criterion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>замкнутые вихревые трубки</kwd><kwd>верификация расчетов течений жидкости и газа</kwd><kwd>теоремы о вихрях</kwd><kwd>критерий Зоравского</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Prim R., Truesdell C., "A derivation of Zorawski’s criterion for permanent vector-lines", Proc. Amer. Math. 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