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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Photonics Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Photonics Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фотоника</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-7296</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-844X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Technosphera JSC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698533</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2025.19.7.524.543</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Technologies &amp; Technology Equipment</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технологии и технологическое оборудование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the effect of focal plane position on the penetration depth in laser welding of high-strength steel</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка влияния расположения фокальной плоскости на глубину проплавления при лазерной сварке высокопрочной стали</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7968-668X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aldaiee</surname><given-names>Yarob</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алдаие</surname><given-names>Яроб</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer of the research laboratory “Laser and Additive Technologies”, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Лазерные и аддитивные технологии» Института машиностроения, материалов и транспорта</p></bio><email>aldaiee.yarob@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3938-5710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer of the research laboratory “Laser and Additive Technologies”, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Лазерные и аддитивные технологии» Института машиностроения, материалов и транспорта</p></bio><email>kuznetsova_da@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7374-4635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirogov</surname><given-names>Maxim E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирогов</surname><given-names>Максим Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer of the research laboratory “Laser and Additive Technologies”, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Лазерные и аддитивные технологии» Института машиностроения, материалов и транспорта</p></bio><email>maks.pirogov2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-1078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Михаил Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sc. (Techn.), Head of the Research Laboratory “Laser and Additive Technologies”, Director of the Russian-German Center for Laser Technologies, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. т. н. доцент, заведующий научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Лазерные и аддитивные технологии», директор Российско-Германского центра лазерных технологий Института машиностроения, материалов и транспорта</p></bio><email>kuznetsov_mich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-6654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popovich</surname><given-names>Anatoly A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попович</surname><given-names>Анатолий Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sc. (Techn.), professor, director of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. т. н., профессор, директор Института машиностроения, материалов и транспорта</p></bio><email>director@immet.spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>524</fpage><lpage>543</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-12"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Aldaiee Y., Kuznetsova D.A., Pirogov M.E., Kuznetsov M.V., Popovich A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Алдаие Я., Кузнецова Д.А., Пирогов М.Е., Кузнецов М.В., Попович А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aldaiee Y., Kuznetsova D.A., Pirogov M.E., Kuznetsov M.V., Popovich A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алдаие Я., Кузнецова Д.А., Пирогов М.Е., Кузнецов М.В., Попович А.А.</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1993-7296/article/view/698533">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1993-7296/article/view/698533</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of laser welding of steel using the lenses with a focal length of 300, 500, 700 and 900 mm. The effect of focal plane position of laser radiation relative to the work surface of the welded plate on the weld penetration depth has been evaluated. The research is based on a series of experimental welding samples using the lenses with various focal lengths and controlled changes in the focal point relative to the welded plate surface. The results can be used to select the process modes for laser welding of thick high-strength steels and to develop recommendations for the equipment adjustment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлены результаты лазерной сварки стали с применением линз с фокусным расстоянием: 300, 500, 700 и 900 мм. Проведена оценка влияния расположения фокальной плоскости лазерного излучения относительно обрабатываемой поверхности свариваемой пластины на глубину проплавления сварного шва. Исследование основано на серии экспериментальных сварочных образцов с использованием линз с различным фокусным расстоянием и контролируемым изменением расположения фокуса относительно поверхности свариваемой пластины. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при выборе технологических режимов лазерной сварки высокопрочных сталей больших толщин и разработке рекомендаций по настройке оборудования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laser welding</kwd><kwd>penetration depth</kwd><kwd>focal plane position</kwd><kwd>focusing lenses</kwd><kwd>steel</kwd><kwd>welded joint</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лазерная сварка</kwd><kwd>глубина проплавления</kwd><kwd>расположение фокальной плоскости</kwd><kwd>фокусирующие линзы</kwd><kwd>сталь</kwd><kwd>сварное соединение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research has been performed with financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as a part of the strategic academic leadership program “Priority 2030” (Agreement No. 075-15-2025-210 dated 04 April 2025)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» (Соглашение № 075-15-2025-210 от 04 апреля 2025 г.)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kuznetsov M. 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