Atomic force microscopy of potato virus X

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Abstract

Obtaining new particles of biological nature is an urgent task for modern biotechnologies development. Virions of plant viruses, virus-like particles assembled from a single viral protein, as well as structurally modified particles formed by heating viral particles in aqueous solution, have recently found a number of applications in development of vaccines, carriers for biologically active molecules, and use as antitumour drugs. Previously, we studied the structural transition process into spherical particles of tobacco mosaic virus rod-shaped by atomic force microscopy. In this work, we consider the stepwise structural transition of filamentous potato virus X into spherical particles at increasing temperature, and study the dependence of the formation of structurally modified particles on duration of heating and concentration of virus particles.

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About the authors

A. I. Akhmetova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5115-8030

Physical Department, Cand. of Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Senior Researcher

Russian Federation, Moscow

N. A. Nikitin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9626-2336

Biological Department, Doct. of Sci. (Biology), Prof.

Russian Federation, Moscow

M. V. Arkhipenko

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5575-602X

Biological Department, Cand. of Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher

Russian Federation, Moscow

O. V. Karpova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0605-9033

Biological Department, Doct. of Sci. (Biology), Prof., Head of Department

Russian Federation, Moscow

I. V. Yaminsky

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8731-3947

Physical Department, Doct. of Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Prof.

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Kondakova O.A., Evtushenko E.A., Baranov O.A., Nikitin N.A., Karpova O.V. Structurally Modified Plant Viruses and Bacteriophages with Helical Structure. Properties and Applications. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2022. V. 87. No. 6. PP. 548–558. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297922060062
  2. Akhmetova A.I., Nikitin N.A., Arkhipenko M.V., Karpova O.V., Yaminsky I.V. Visualization of tobacco mosaic virus by atomic force and electron microscopy. NANOINDUSTRY. 2024. Vol. 17. No. 5. PP. 302–310. https://doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2024.17.5.302.310
  3. Akhmetova A.I., Nikitin N.A., Arkhipenko M.V., Karpova O.V., Yaminsky I.V. 3D visualization and characterization of plant viruses by bionoscopy methods. NANOINDUSTRY. 2023. Vol. 16. No. 6. PP. 338–344. https://doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2023.16.6.338.344
  4. Nikitin N.A., Trifonova E.A., Petrova E.K., Borisova O.V., Karpova O.V., Atabekov J.G. Study of the Initial Steps of Potato Virus X Assembly. Agricultural Biology. 2014. Vol. 5. PP. 28–34. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2014.5.28eng
  5. Akhmetova A.I., Nikitin N.A., Archipenko M.V., Karpova O.V., Yaminsky I.V. 3D visualization and characterization of plant viruses using bionanoscopy methods. NANOINDUSTRY. 2023. Vol. 16. No. 6. PP. 338–344. https://doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2023.16.6.338.344
  6. Akhmetova A.I., Yaminsky I.V. FemtoScan Online software in virus research. NANOINDUSTRY. 2021. Vol. 14. No. 1. PP. 62–67. https://doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2021.14.1.62.67
  7. Grosberg A.Yu., Khokhlov A.R. Statistical Physics of Macromolecules: A Textbook. 1989.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig.1. Image of PVX sample 1 when heated for 1.25 min. at 68 °C. Height of SPs according to the cross-section data 30 nm

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3. Fig.2. Image of PVX sample 2, after heating for 2.5 min. at 68 °C. 3D and 2D view. Ball height of 48 nm according to the cross-section data

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4. Fig.3. Sample 3. 3D, 2D image and cross-section of the ball on sample 3. The height of the ball according to the cross-section data is 91 nm

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5. Fig.4. VPd measurement at room temperature after heating experiment using DLS. 25% of particles have a diameter of 85 nm

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Copyright (c) 2025 Akhmetova A.I., Nikitin N.A., Arkhipenko M.V., Karpova O.V., Yaminsky I.V.