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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Volgograd State Medical University</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Volgograd State Medical University</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-9480</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1994-9499</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">562848</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/1994-9480-2023-20-2-20-28</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзорные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pharmacological animal models of schizophrenia for antipsychotic drug discovery and development</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фармакологические модели шизофрении у животных, применимые для изучения нейролептиков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-853X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalitin</surname><given-names>Konstantin Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калитин</surname><given-names>Константин Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor; Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; Researcher at the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент; доцент кафедры фармакологии и биоинформатики; научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной фармакологии</p></bio><email>kkonst8@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-4826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spasov</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спасов</surname><given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН; заведующий кафедрой фармакологии и биоинформатики; заведующий лаборатории экспериментальной фармакологии</p></bio><email>aaspasov@volgmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-905X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukha</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муха</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>olay.myha14@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-693X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pridvorov</surname><given-names>Gleb V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Придворов</surname><given-names>Глеб Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student of the Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры фармакологии и биоинформатики; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной фармакологии</p></bio><email>gleb.pridvorov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd Medical Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский медицинский научный центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-23"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-23"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kalitin K.Y., Spasov A.A., Mukha O.Y., Pridvorov G.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Калитин К.Ю., Спасов А.А., Муха О.Ю., Придворов Г.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalitin K.Y., Spasov A.A., Mukha O.Y., Pridvorov G.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калитин К.Ю., Спасов А.А., Муха О.Ю., Придворов Г.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1994-9480/article/view/562848">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1994-9480/article/view/562848</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Schizophrenia is a chronic psychoneurological condition that encompasses a wide variety of neurochemical, morphological, bioelectrical and behavioural changes. Comprehension of the mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and psychosis cannot be fully acquired in clinical studies with humans. For this reason, a number of experimental animal models of schizophrenia have been developed. Although none of the existing models of schizophrenia fully reproduces the complete spectrum of schizophrenia, critical aspects of pathology processes can be experimentally recapitulated. In this review we summarise the pathological features, advantages and limitations of the major pharmacological animal models of schizophrenia, including maternal immune activation. Commonly used pharmacological models of schizophrenia are useful for the preclinical evaluation of antipsychotic drugs and involve the dysfunction of various neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine, glutamate, serotonin. The review also describes maternal immune activation and neurodevelopmental rat models of schizophrenia. Positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms vary in degree and combination depending on the type of model used. A greater understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of various animal models of schizophrenia and the use of more than one model to evaluate antipsychotic activity would help to improve the efficiency of the drug discovery process and therapy translation from preclinical studies to patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Шизофрения является хроническим психоневрологическим заболеванием, включающим широкий спектр нейрохимических, морфологических, биоэлектрических и поведенческих изменений. Понимание механизмов шизофрении и психоза не удается в полной мере получить в клинических исследованиях на людях. По этой причине моделирование шизофрении осуществляется на животных. Ни одна из существующих лабораторных моделей не воспроизводит все многообразие форм и проявлений шизофрении, тем не менее критические аспекты патогенеза можно изучить экспериментально. В настоящем обзоре литературы обобщены особенности, преимущества и ограничения основных фармакологических моделей шизофрении у животных (включая методику материнской иммунной активации). Они активно применяются для доклинической оценки антипсихотических препаратов, позволяя анализировать вовлеченность медиаторных систем дофамина, глутамата, серотонина и др. Также в обзор включены модели, основанные на теории нарушения развития нервной системы, включая материнскую иммунную активацию с использованием бактериального эндотоксина липополисахарида и инфекционных агентов. В зависимости от модели будут преобладать позитивные, негативные или когнитивные симптомы шизофрении. Лучшее понимание сильных и слабых сторон модели, а также возможностей их комбинирования позволяет повысить эффективность поиска новых нейролептиков, изучения их антипсихотической активности и последующей экстраполяции полученных результатов с животных на человека.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>psychosis</kwd><kwd>animal model</kwd><kwd>behavioural tests</kwd><kwd>neuroleptics</kwd><kwd>antipsychotic drugs</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>психоз</kwd><kwd>модели шизофрении</kwd><kwd>поведенческие тесты</kwd><kwd>нейролептики</kwd><kwd>антипсихотические препараты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiraz S., Demir E. Global scientific outputs of schizophrenia publica-tions from 1975 to 2020: a bibliometric analysis. 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