MINIMIZING SOIL CULTIVATION INFLUENCE FOR FERTILITY STATUS OF HEAVY LOAMY SOILS IN SPRING AND WINTER WHEAT SEEDING

The purpose is to justify the use of minimum and zero tillage in conditions of forest-steppe Zavolzhye region from the position of the biological activity of the soil. One of the factors forming and determining the fertility of the soil, is the activity of microorganisms that inhabit it, the active surface which reaches up to several hundred acres for 1 ha of surface topsoil. Important role in building of soil fertility is the number of major groups of microorganisms, which, being the catalysts of metabolism, objectively reflect the nature of biochemical processes. Another academician S. P. Kostychev (1937) pointed out that without the study of biodynamics the knowledge of the soil, especially from the agronomic point of view, may not be complete. Microorganisms occupy a key position in maintaining biochemical capacity of the soil, so monitoring of soil microflora is essential for the maintenance and reproduction of its fertility. This work is devoted to studying the role of soil microorganisms in the process of maintaining and reproduction of soil fertility in the development of new technologies in agriculture. The article presents data on the effect of basic tillage on the number of different groups of soil microorganisms (micromycetes, bacteria, actinomycetes), Shows the number of soil microorganisms, such as micromycetes (mold fungi) and bacteria are significantly influenced by seasonal changes in temperature and humidity than the soil treatment methods. From which it follows that the reduction of the mechanical load on the soil in the forest-steppe of Zavolzhye a significant impact on the number of major groups of microorganisms has not.

microorganisms, micromycetes, bacteria, actinomycetes