Vol 2, No 1 (2017)

The purpose of research is increasing of pigs meat productivity by application of mineral feed supplements SaltMag. The article deals with the problem of increasing production volumes of competitive products with improved meat quality characteristics. Meat efficiency and quality of meat are predetermined by a number of genetic factors and paratypic. The most significant factor is the feeding. An unbalanced feed ration increases the risk of metabolic disorders in animals, which leads to reduction in productivity. Changes in metabolism and other physiological processes of pigs due to the presence of minerals, the lack or excess synthesis processes which gives the biologically active compounds. Modern breeds of pigs require a higher content of macro- and micro-elements in compound feed in connection with a significant increase in growth rate and productivity. It is known that the protein, energy, minerals must be replenished in a highly available form. However, inorganic salts of transition metals (zinc, copper, iron, manganese) due to the low digestibility and tested in transit in conjunction with the accompanying heavy metal salts pollute the environment. Thus, substantial revision of conventional approaches to mineral nutrition of farm animals is needed. The analysis of the research evidence by the benefits of the trace elements used in the feed production of organic compounds. This is primarily due to higher bioavailability, which can significantly reduce their input in the feed mixture. A significant reduction in the level of trace elements in organic form in compound feed significantly reduces the intake of heavy metals and helps to improve the quality of livestock products.

The purpose of research is identification of morphological and functional features of the gastrointestinal tract of breed mulard ducks. The research were conducted for healthy mulard breed ducks of 6 months age (the parent stock) in the amount of 10 animals that belong to farmers in Rostov region. Feeding poultry used grain, wheat, corn and compound feed, mineral additives in the form of chalk, eggshell, limestone and river shells. Material for the research was the cranial pieces (entrance to stomach), caudal (pocket) and lateral divisions, but in the same region of the muscular outlet of the stomach. In accordance with the objectives and tasks of the research, it was found that breed mulard ducks of 6 months age have the muscular part of the stomach in different parts of different mucosal thickness, length and nuclear protoplasmic ratio (NPR) gland epithelium. The villae have different shapes: pointed, oval, round and a needle. The muscular plate number of smooth muscle cells is different in all parts of the muscle. Revealed the collagen and elastic fibers, they are thick beams between the iron group. PAS positive substance and acidic carbohydrate biopolymers present in the cuticle, between the iron group and in the glands themselves.

The main object of our research was to determine the characteristics of the exterior and the reproductive capacity of the Australian breeding Hereford cattle in the process of acclimatization in the Ural steppe and forest steppe zones of Bashkortostan. The object of research is the cattle of Australian origin, brought winter 2009 GUSP MTS «Central» and LLC «Agro-SAVA-Usen», located in the Ural steppe and steppe zones of the Republic Bashkortostan. The scientific and economic indicators examined experiences of live weight during the first three years of acclimatization (2010-2012 gg.), Analyzed the data of linear and volumetric measurements for which the index is calculated body. Evaluation animals in conformation based on the study of body type characteristics, taking into account the ratio of body parts to each other. The study of conformation and constitution of farmed animals by taking individual body measurements and calculation of body index gives an indication of the intensity of their linear growth depending on the sex and acclimatization period. The reproductive ability of cows was estimated duration between ewes period and the service period, the output of calves per hundred ewes, in terms of body weight of newborn calves. The studies found that in the process of acclimatization there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in live weight of cows at 10.51% and 26.94% for the bulls that show an adaptive plasticity of imported livestock. The evaluation of the exterior and build the amount of balls in bulls was in the range of 18-20, the core of breeding cows – 22-24, which corresponds to the requirements of the elite class and the elite-record. For three years the duration of the acclimatization between ewes period decreased an average of livestock under study for 7 days, the service period – 8 days. Out of calves in the second year of acclimatization has increased by 2.51% and was significantly increased (P <0.05) for the third year at 7.73%. Thus, on the basis of the parameters was studied, it is possible to conclude that high acclimatization abilities Hereford cattle of Australian origin to the conditions of the Ural steppe and forest steppe zones.

The purpose of research is increase of honey productivity bee colonies. The studies were conducted in the early spring in March, before the departure of the insect from the hive after hibernation. Bee colonies of the experimental group treated with ozone for families for 7 consecutive days at 2 hours per day when the ozone concentration of 6 mg . Bee colonies of the control group not treated with ozone. The results showed the presence of different species of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of bees in the control group, the quantitative indicators of the content of the polymorphic bacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, pseudomonas, fungi is quite large. Also, the experiments proved devastating effect of ozonation for bacteria groups, coliforms, pseudomonas, fungi of the genus aspergillus niger in the experimental group. With regard to the fungi penicillium glaucum and aspergillus ustus, ozone caused a slight decrease in their concentration in the intestinal tract of bees. Therefore, the use of ozone as a means of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of bees can be justified as it creates the most favorable conditions for further development of bee colonies. However, the fact that the number of fungi after ozonation in the intestinal tract of bees increased, speaks about the resistance of these microorganisms to ozone, and therefore, for suppression of fungal flora, ozonation needs to be done either longer or use a higher concentration of ozone.

The purpose of research is improving productivity and quality of silage sunflower and Sudanese due to intercropping with vetch spring wheat and soybean at different levels of mineral nutrition. The main purpose of this research was to study the ways of improving the quality of silage. The experiment was going for 5 years and begun in 2011 year. 6 variants of plants mixtures were planted at two levels of mineral nutrition. During the experiment, we studied the effect of legume plants for the composition of amino acids and yield level in silage either with fertilizers or without. We found that while using fertilizers the yield level was increased in all variants. In addition we found that with the application of mineral fertilizers the composition of amino acids in silage mixtures of plants was increased as well. But not all variants were good in investigated parameters. For example, sunflower itself showed the best yield not only in control variant but with fertilizers application, nether then less its amino acid composition was the worst during the whole time of research. Among the other variants, two-component mixture of sunflower and soybean can be highlighted. It has one of the highest level of protein and the best amino acid composition. This mixture showed one of the highest level of the yield as well.

The purpose of researches is complex assessment of grain crops grades for resistance to wreckers of inventories. 17 grades of grain crops zoned in the Samara region (wheat firm and soft, triticale, barley) for resistance to wreckers are researched in case of storage by complex of qualitative, biological and biochemical indexes. Complex assessment of grain crops grades is executed by 32 criteria of stability, 7 of which entered complex assessment of grades for resistance to wreckers: solid losses, life expectancy of bugs, fertility; protein content, quantity of gluten, vitreouse and mass of 1000 grains of the grain damaged by wreckers. By results of researches the most steady noted grades of winter wheat: Volga region 86 (27 points), spring-sown soft field – Kinelskaya 61 (31 points), spring-sown firm field – Bezenchukskaya 182 and Bezenchukskaya of 200 (30 and 26) points, barley – Volga region 65 and Agathe (24 and 22 points) Belonging of grades to certain type or a version didn´t influence stability manifestation. In each group of cultures there were grades, both steady, and susceptible against wreckers. Influence of field wreckers (a bug turtle and wheaten trips) for manifestation of resistance of grain to damage by barn wreckers is also established. The received results of researches can be used in selection work on creation of grades with wide group resistance to wreckers of grain inventories.

The purpose of research is determining the agro-biological features of modern varieties of brown mustard when grown under the conditions of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The results of the research of 2014-2016 biennium to study the reaction of modern varieties of brown mustard by certain growing have been presented. The features of plant growth and development have been determined, as well as the comparative characteristic of productivity indicators has been conducted. The subject of research are the brown mustard varieties (Prima, Mriya, Demeter, Retro, Rosava, Roksolana, Felicia, Chornyava). The experiment was done by the training and production complex of Sumy National Agrarian University. At the simultaneous sowing in the second decade of April, the shoots appeared almost at the same time. The beginning of flowering (BBCH 60) of the most studied Brassica juncea varieties was fixed on the 40-48 day. The period of vegetation in the context of varieties was: Mriya – 85 days, Rosava, Retro – 90 days, Prima – 92 days, Roksolana, Chornyava – 99 days, Felicia – 89 days, Demeter – 101 days. The biggest leaf area was formed in Prima variety – 26.1 thousand M2/ha, the smallest leaf area was formed in Chornyava variety – 16.4 thousand m2/ha. In other varieties, the index ranged from 20.5 to 23.8 thousand M2/ha. The research results showed that under the conditions of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine the agro-biological features of the varieties of Prima, Felicia, Demeter and Mriy have made the formation of the greatest seed yield of 23.4-24.7 c/ha. The minimum yield capacity was obtained from the varieties of Chornyava and Rosava (14.5−19.0 c/ha). The agro-biological features of Retro and Roksolana varieties contributed to the performance of the yield capacity potential of brown mustard seed at the level of 20.2-22.5 c/ha.

The purpose of research is improving the state of carbohydrate amylase complex in the grain of winter wheat varieties and Volga 86 Torch through the use of fertilizers. Studied quantitative starch content, amylase activity of α-, β-amylase and the total activity in the grain of winter wheat varieties and Povolzhskay 86 and Svetoch on the background of the use of pre-treatment of seeds microfertilizers ZhUSS both separately and in combination with nitrogen fertilizers. The results of studies of carbohydrate-amylase complex of winter wheat represented on average over the 2011-2013 for grades Volga 86 and the average for 2014-2016 for grades Svetoch. The studies were conducted in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Average Volga region. Microfertilizers pre sowing seed was carried out with the mass concentration of the active elements, g/dm3: ZhUSS-1 (33-38 copper, boron 5.5-5.7) ZhUSS, 2 (32.0-40.0 copper, molybdenum 14.0-22.0) ZhUSS-3 (16.5-20.0 copper, zinc 35.0-40.0), and feeding the wheat seedlings nitrogen fertilizer: ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and urea. An increase of the total activity observed in the variant amylases using 3-ZhUSS drug either alone or in combination with nitrogen fertilizers cultivar Povolzhskaya 86 on average 9.5%, and varieties Svetoch – 4.3% compared with control. Comparing the results of activity of amylolytic enzymes and quantitative starch content, can be traced inverse relationship between these parameters. For example, in embodiments with high starch content in the average for the years r correlation studies it was equal to grade Volga 86 – 0.43, and for the variety Svetoch– 0.42-0.44.

The purpose of research is increasing the productivity and increasing manifestations of the varietal characteristics of winter wheat varieties Povolzhskaya 86 and Svetoch, depending on the application of various fertilizers. The studies were conducted in 2011-2015 in the Central zone of the Samara region. For seeding used elite seeds of winter wheat varieties Povolzhskaya 86 and the Svetoch. One of the methods of farming with the aim of obtaining wheat with high yield and protein content is the use of fertilizers. In addition to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for proper growth and development of winter wheat, essential trace elements. It was carried out that treatment of seeds with micronutrients before sowing, at the rate of 3 litr. of product + 7 l of water per 1 ton of seeds, with the mass concentration of active components, g/dm3: ZhUSS-1 (copper 33-38; boron 5.5 to 5.7), ZhUSS-2 (copper 32.0-40.0; molybdenum 14.0-22.0), ZhUSS-3 (copper 16.5-20.0; zinc 35.0-40.0). There was also feeding of wheat seedlings in the third decade of April-nitrogen fertilizers: ammonium nitrate with a nitrogen content of 34.6%; the ammonium sulfate with a nitrogen content of about 21%; urea – containing nitrogen in the amide form 46%. Dose of drugs in the processing plant were calculated in accordance with the technology of their application. The protein content was determined by the Biuret micropredation on photoelectrocolorimeter KFK-2. The highest productivity value was achieved in variants with additional fertilizing ammonium nitrate, 30.8 c/ha for Povolzhskay 86 and 37.0 kg/ha – the variety Svetoch. The highest protein content in both crops were similar and amounted to an average of 17.0% per year with options microfertilizer ZhUSS-3.

The purpose of researches is to increase performance of cream separator application of bladed plate keeper for uniform filling the between plates spaces. Movement of milk on the bringing channels of bladed plate keeper of cream separator original design, taking into account is considered that flow milk movement. Thus, the milk flow in the bringing channels was considered how consisting of infinite number of elementary streams. Dependences for determination of the pressure created by a bladed plate keeper and the capacities necessary for giving to milk flow movement on the bringing channels of bladed plate keeper with required angular speed are determined. Schedules of these dependences for milk supply (productivities of cream separator) are constructed and influence of corners of blades, both on an entrance, and at the exit is analysed. It is established that for flow of milk it is necessary for decrease in impact that its absolute speed was minimum that was reached by value reasons of blades. Results of pilot studies showed sufficient convergence with results of theoretical researches. Economic calculations confirmed efficiency of developed design application.

The purpose of research is more effective use of sowing units, due to the introduction of fertilizer distributing machines modern hardware and software systems. The question of differential fertilizer at planting was studied, revealed the main shortcomings of existing systems. Based on the market of software and hardware platform Arduino has been selected on the basis of its developed electronic circuit differential fertilizer system. To test the efficiency of the entire system was manufactured calibration stand and software was developed for the registration of changes in strain gauge load. Next, the calibration experiment was set for 8 load cells type C2H 500 kg. According to the results of the experiment it was showed that the developed system can be used to automate the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers during sowing crops in precision farming technology. Measurement accuracy, high speed processing and signal generation and the high cost of the selected equipment make possible the introduction of precision farming technology even in small farms with minimal cost.