Vol 1, No 1 (2016)

The object of research is increasing of productive qualities of pigs due to improvement the morphofunctional indicators of digestion system. According to objectives two groups of clinically healthy pigs right after depriving at the age of 35 days were created. Each group is consist of ten ones, selection was carried out by the principle of analogs. After completion of experience an average value of live mass of control group pigs was 26.1±1.2 kg, and in skilled group 32.3±0.8 kg, the difference was made 23% (р0.05). It is established that size increasing of crypts and epithelium with a border in mucous membrane of lean gut of pigs in experimental group, testify to strengthening of body digestive activity. Emergence of light-cellular zones in liver and reduction of segments testifies to strengthening of regenerator ability and increase of detoxicity function. In lymph nodes emergence of follicles of the small size with the expressed light centers as well as in the analysis of liver, testifies to strengthening of potential regeneration and activity of immune function.

The purpose of research is the resistance increasing of the chinchillas organism to the representatives of pathogenic and conditionally-pathogenic microbes with non-infectious pathology for the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the purpose of the study, were as follows – extruding and identification chinchillas contained family transient and resident representatives microbiocenosis; by morphological, tincrial, cultural, biochemical and serological properties of these microbes. The experimental group, chinchillas with non-communicable disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenteritis and colitis) in fecals resident microorganisms Enterococcus faecalis – КОЕ 2.85h104±0.23, Peptococcus niger – 3.64h105±0.33, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius – 3.74h104±0/52, Lactobacillus delbrueckii – 2.84h102±0.53, Bifidobacterium bifidum – 3.16h102±0.46, Es-cherichia coli – 2.67h105±0.53, Serratia marcescens – 2.95h104±0.13, Bacteroides fragilis – 2.57h103±0.12, Prevotella bivia – 4.21h103±0.24 were identified. Among the transient microorganisms were identified Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. saprophiticus, Streptococcus rattus and S. cricetus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter diversus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Yersinia enterocolitica, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, B. subtillis, Clostridium sporogenes, C . ramosum, C. difficile, Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter coli. In conclusion: Microbiocenosis healthy chinchillas includes automicroflora occupying a certain ecological area in the animal organism. With the development of non-contagious disease of the gastrointestinal tract in chinchillas reduces the number of automicroflora and its situation replaces transient and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms, penetrating into the body of animal alimentary and fecal-oral. It is important to use the effective probiotics for chinchillas gastrointestinal tract.

The aim of the research is justification of causal relationship patterns of Salmonella and Eimeria, and their role in the pathology of the disease. The authors analyzed the incidence of salmonellosis nutria and eimeriosis depending on the way of the content. 82 the corpses of nutria was conducted post-mortem autopsy and bacteriological examination. For bacteriological examination were selected the heart, lungs, liver with gallbladder, spleen, kidney, brain, mesenteric lymph nodes, bone from fresh corpses. It is established that in conditions of the same economy under the cellular content of the disease were not recorded, and if outdoor, how and when the content of the deep litter, and on the concrete floor had equally widespread. In the study of pathologic material derived from carcasses of dead nutria, have the following distribution of serovars: S. dublin – 22.8%, S. typhimurium – 40.3%, S. choleraesuis – is 36.9%. For bacteriological tests crops held at IBA, with marked diffuse haze. On Endo agar grew transparent slightly bluish or pinkish colonies 2-4 mm in diameter, on the environment Ploskirev – turbid, more dense, Levin – transparent with slight purple tint on the Wilson-Blair – black with a metallic luster. The culture obtained were studied by optical microscopy, detecting single spaced, do not form spores and capsules with a length of 1-4 µm, with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 μm, sticks. For associative flow of Salmonella and Eimeria nutria characteristic of chronic catarrhal gastritis, acute catarrhal-gemorragicescom-necrotic enterocolitis, congestive redness of the serous membranes of the small and large intestine, mesentery, granular and adipose dystrophy of liver, granular dystrophy of kidneys, myocardium, gemorragicescom-necrotic splenic, acute serous lymphadenitis, congestive hyperemia and edema of the lungs, brain and other organs, hemorrhagic diathesis.

The research object is improvement of the productive qualities of heifers of Kazakh white breed by introducing additional to the basic diet of different doses of feed additives BioDarin. Protein-vitamin-mineral supplement BioDarin in its composition contains nutrients, micro- and macroelements, which are the source of energy, stimulate digestive processes, metabolism, growth and improve immunity, positive effect on animal performance. Currently of great practical and scientific importance is the use of the additive BioDarin for the correction of diet feeding. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the basis of JSC AIC «Alga+» Tuimazinsk district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. For the experiment there were formed 4 groups of heifers of Kazakh white-headed breed: group I – control; group II heifers in addition to the basic diet received a feed additive in a dose of 0.5 kg per 100 kg of grain mixture, the animals of group III received 1 kg of the feed additive per 100 kg of grain mixture, peers IV groups received 1.5 kg of a grain mixture. It is established that heifers of the III experienced group receiving feed additive BioDarin in the dose of 1.0 kg per 100 kg of grain mixture, had the best body weight, and average day growth.

The purpose of research is to give an assessment to profitability of the beer dry pellet use in compound feeds for young goat stock. Scientific economic experiment has been made on young goats of Zaanen breed. Animals were divided into three groups, 6 heads in each. Compound feed of control group didn´t contain beer dry pellet (BDP), and the second experiment group feed contained 5.0% BDP (by weight), instead of oats and linen cake part parts, and the composition of compound feed for 3d group included 10.0% of BDP (by weight). During experiments it has been established that at experiment groups exchange processes proceeded more intensively. In blood serum of nanny-goats of experiment groups the content of the general protein exceeded control for 1.9-7.9%, the protein index (А\G coefficient), of animals 3d group was above control for 10.1%. Activity of ALT and AST aminotransfer which indicators were higher in experiment groups by comparison with the control also testifies to intensity of protein exchange. Fluctuations of biochemical indicators of blood were in limits of physiological norm, and, so introduction to a diet of these quantities of beer dry pellet had no negative impact for animals health. Feeding of the compound feed containing BDP reduces prime cost of 1 kg of gain in comparison with control by 2.6% in the 2nd experiment group and for 5.7% in the 3d experiment group. In 2nd and 3d groups, the level of profitability was 3.0-6.4 abs% higher than that in control respectively. Compound feeds cost for 2nd and 3d experiment groups was lower than the cost of compound feed of control group for 1.83% and 4.42% respectively. The experiments conducted give a chance to conclude that the use of BDP in compound feeds for young goat stocks has found to be profitable.

The purpose of the study is improvement of pedigree accessory of identification process of poultry with use of microsatellite markers. The analysis was performed with 9 breeds of chickens (n=268) for 16 markers. The studies were performed with the chicken breeds, such as: the Black and White Аustralorp (BWAus), Black Australorp (BAus), Kulangi (Kul), Czech Gold (CzG), Blue Andalusian (BAnd), Naked Neck (NN), Silver Campine (Breukel) (SC), Black Bearded Russian (BBRus), and Minorca (Min). There were 29 to 30 poultry in each experimental group. The researches were carried out at the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Ernst All-Russia Research Institute of Animal Husbandry. Separation and detection of amplification products were performed on an Applied Biosystems АВI3130xl Genetic Analyzer (USA). Statistical data processing was performed using GenAlEx software version 6.4. The work examined genetic diversity of chickens (average number of alleles, number of effective alleles, the level of homo - and heterozygosity, etc.), using microsatellite loci. It should be noted that the average number of alleles in the study ranged from 6.06±0.050 in the BAnd bantams to 7.81±0.73 in the NN chickens, while the number of informative alleles ranged from 3.63±0.30 in the BAnd bantams to 5.44±0.34 in the SC chickens. High informativeness of 16 selected loci performance was noted during the research; the number of alleles ranged from 8 (locus MCW0037) to 25 alleles (locus MCW0183), depending on the locus. The conducted research allowed us to identify the presence of private alleles in the studied breeds of chickens, which were discovered in poultry within 7 of 9 breeds with frequencies of 1.7 to 67.7%. The expected and observed levels of heterozygosity were calculated to assess the variation of the investigated species more accurately; their mean values reached 66.9 and 37.1%, respectively. Breeds of chickens affiliated to their populations were identified based on analysis of 16 microsatellite markers; the estimates varied from 79.3% to 100.0%. Therefore, the use of microsatellite loci in chicken breeding can give more opportunities to create pedigree poultry flocks within the genetic pool of breeds.

The aim of the study is to justify the improvement of dairy cows feeding standards with productivity 8000 kg of milk per year and live weight of 600 kg for the periods of lactation. In developing the standards it was used a new approach to determine the need for energy and nutrients through a combination of scientific and economic experiments with factorial method, which takes into account the physiological needs of the animals, to identify the relationship of the standards feeding with productivity. The scheme of the energy balance in the body of cows that when calculating the standards requirements of the metabolic energy can further take into account the factors of changes in body weight and activity. Developed regression equations and model calculation needs highly productive cows in the exchange of energy and essential nutrients using factorial method, which includes factors need to maintain life, milk production, pregnancy, gain (loss) in body weight and activity of the animals. The effect of feeding for improved standards on nutrient digestibility and utilization of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, as well as indicators of rumen metabolism and biochemical status of cows blood with a yield of 8,000 kg of milk per year in the period calved. As a result, feeding cows for improved rate of growth in milk production for 305 days of lactation was 6.0%, with a significant increase in yield of milk fat and protein, and the cost of feed per 1 kg of milk fat standard expressed in the exchange energy were lower than controls at 3.6% in obtaining additional revenue from the sale of dairy products.

The aim of the research is to substantiate the scheme of plant protection of winter wheat against perennial and annual weeds, including monocotyledonous weed species. This scheme provides high grain yield and quality standardized seeds output. To achieve this goal the production experiment was conducted. The experiment was repeated three times, the location of the plots was systematic. The predecessor was peas. The main weeds of winter wheat were representatives of the classes: Asteraceae (field sowthistle, Canada thistle, chamomile odorless), ranging from 15% to 24%, Cabbage – Brassicaceae Burnett (field pennycress) – 7-14%, Goosefoot family – Chenopodiaceae (pigweed white) – 1-6%, Vonkova – Convolvulaceae (convolvulus arvensis) – 10-8% and Poaceae (PPE foxtail, millet, chicken, wild oat common) – from 24 to 42%. The species composition of the weed is suppressed almost completely when using the tank mixture of graminicide together with the broad-spectrum herbicide (Lastik Top 0.5 l/ga + Balerina 0.4 l/ga). In average, per years of research the biological efficiency of this variant was 96%. The plants of winter wheat under treatment of crops with protection means against weeds receive stress, which is manifested in a sharp decrease of chlorophyll concentration in the leaves. The inhibition of plants is manifested regardless of the application of graminicide, herbicide or tank mixtures. Under favorable weather conditions for plant growth and development the chlorophyll concentration in leaves restores after 8 days of applying plant protection means up to normal. The highest yield of winter wheat, maximum yield of quality standardized seeds and the propagation coefficient factor of varieties is formed when using a tank mix Lastik Top (0.5 l/ga) + Balerina (0.4 l/ga), regardless of variety and year of growing. The use of graminicide Lastik Top (0.5 l/ga) in tank mix with herbicide Balerina (0.4 l/ga) suppresses the development of monocotyledonous species of weeds of the same Botanical group that includes winter wheat. The second component tank mix herbicide Balerina suppresses the entire spectrum of dicotyledonous weeds. This results in the improvement of conditions for the growth and development of plants, providing higher grain yield, quality standardized seeds output and the rate of reproduction of varieties.

Research objective is improving the grain yield of wheat by reducing of winter and spring wheat cropsweedines. The studies were carried out on experimental fields of the Povolzsje Science Research Institute of selection and seeds production of P. N. Konstantinov. Volga region Scientifical-research Institute of Selection and Seed growing named after P. N. Konstantinov in 2012-2014. The main purpose of researches was to study influence of weeds for grain yield components in winter and spring wheat. The evaluation of the abundance of weeds was performed by the method of Drude. Under the influence of weed, productivity of land winter wheat decreased by 3-26%, spring wheat decreased by 17-33%. The most harmful for winter wheat turned out creeping-rooted weeds: Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, of young weeds dominated Cánnabis ruderális, and wintering weed: Lactuca serriola, Thlaspi arvense. In the spring wheat was dominated weeds of creeping-rooted form: Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, Sónchus arvénsis and Euphorbia virgata. Winter wheat is less exposed to weeds than spring wheat. Yield depression was mainly due to decrease the number of productive stems and dry wheat mass. Also on the harmfulness of weeds is influenced by the weather conditions of the year. For winter wheat during the wet and warm autumn dominated wintering weed: Thlaspi arvense, Lactuca serriola. In years with dry weather conditions creeping-rooted weeds prevail For spring wheat during the wet spring it is dominated the spring weeds in dry years the most harmful creeping-rooted weeds. For the harmfulness of weeds the density of the crop also affect. When sparse crops of weeds more harmful than at the optimum plant density. Infestation weeds adversely for the yield of both winter wheat and spring wheat.