Bioethics journalBioethics journal2070-15862782-6589Volgograd State Medical University7123310.19163/2070-1586-2021-1(27)-41-45Research ArticleGENETIC TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MODERN WORLD: ESCALATION OF OPPORTUNITIES AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCESBasovA. V.<p class="p1"><em>PhD, Associate Professor of Department for Philosophy, Bioethics and Law with the course of sociology of medicine FSBEI HE VolgSMU MOH Russia, avbasov@outlook.com </em></p>avbasov@outlook.comА.А. RuhtinА.А. Ruhtin А.А. Ruhtin<p class="p1"><em>PhD, Associate Professor of Department for Philosophy, Bioethics and Law with the course of sociology of medicine of the FSBEI HE VolgSMU MOH Russia; Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Ethical, Legal and Sociological Expertise in Medicine Volgograd Medical Research Center </em></p>ruhtin@list.ruVolgograd State Medical UniversityVolgograd State Medical University, Volgograd Medical Research Center02062021141414502062021Copyright © 2021, Basov A.V., А.А. Ruhtin А.А.2021<p class="p1">The article examines the development of genetic science from the moment of its inception to the present state, shows the transformation of ideas about genetics and attitudes towards it during the evolution of public consciousness (from utopianism to alarmism). The modern possibilities of genetic technologies, the prospects of their influence on social structures and on the nature of the person himself are analyzed, the risks and social consequences associated with this process are explicated. The potential of genetic engineering, technologies of "human improvement", genetic testing is considered, its ability to influence the fundamental foundations of human existence, the ability to transform the boundaries between biological and social, nature and culture, is demonstrated. The authors also touch upon the problem of transhumanism, within the framework of which the contradiction between the position of the supporters of the emergence of mankind on a new round of evolution and modern ideas about the natural equality of all people is indicated, the overcoming of which carries ethical, legal and political consequences that are difficult to predict.</p>genetics, genetic engineering, biomedical ethics, genetic testing, "human improvement" technologies, transhumanism.генетика, генная инженерия, биомедицинская этика, генетическое тестирование, технологии «улучшения человека», трансгуманизм.