Vol 5, No 2 (2012)

The problem of the content and quality of bioethical education is important for all the countries of the world. Russia has wide experience in these issues. It is necessary to discuss it and develop a universal conception of bioethical education

The ancient physicians often expressed their own ethical commitments by means of oaths. These oaths were part-an-parcel of the ceremony of initiation into a medical profession. This article analyzes the oath of a medical student quoted in Caraka samhita. Charaka samhita is one of the basic medical treatises in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.

Interaction of social entities in the process of sport medicalization was revealed and analyzed. A sportsman's ambition to make great achievements in a short period of time provokes spots doctors to carry medicalization to excess. Not only medical sciences but also medical and pharmaceutical industries as well as mass media intrude sports as part of sports medicalization. These interactions are as follows: doctors of sports medicine, since they are responsible for medicalization, sportsmen and coaches as they are interested in the latter, and pharmaceutical companies and mass media, since they benefit from it. All these are not only closely interrelated and mutually motivated but also set new sports standards. It is important to note that a sportsman appears to be the most vulnerable agent in the process of medicalization since it is his wish to gain high results in a short period of time by all means that provokes sports doctors to enlarge medicalization completing the circle. It is of great importance to define the borders of medicalization process to avoid the point of no return for sports doctors when they can no longer have a positive effect on life quality of a sportsman in the course of athletic training.

The paper proposes an original concept of modernizing the subject of bioethics. The concept was developed by transforming traditionally studied principles and problems of bioethics into the task of top priority, namely, restoring confidence in medicine and doctors.

In medical practice conflicts between doctors, patients and their relatives often arise due to mutual misunderstanding. Comprehensive information on patients' situation should be provided to their relatives using the language they can comprehend. Doctors should develop a high level of empathy. Ethical committees of medical institutions can regulate these relations

The article presents a number of cases in which the patient's best interests and therapeutic options considered by the doctor do not coincide. In such cases, moral considerations can appear more significant.

Highly effective contraceptives have been designed to be used by women who just gave birth. However, lack of motivation and huge gaps in knowledge about the problem among physicians in Russia, on the one hand, as well as low level of trust in the physician, on the other hand, can result either in a woman's refusal to use contraceptives or to use ineffective methods of contraception. As a result, there has been high incidence of abortions within the first year after Cesarean delivery.

The 19th World Сongress on medical law has addressed a great number of important issues which are significant in current Russian medical law. The congress has left us with the impression of being rather ambiguous, but it is impossible to deny that it became a significant event for the positive development of medical law.