PharmatecaPharmatecaФарматека2073-40342414-9128Bionika Media278018ArticlesСтатьиSpontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhages: how to prevent cognitive deficiency?СПОНТАННЫЕ СУБАРАХНОИДАЛЬНЫЕ КРОВОИЗЛИЯНИЯ: КАК ПРЕДУПРЕДИТЬ КОГНИТИВНЫЙ ДЕФИЦИТ?SokolovK VСоколовК В

НИИ инсульта ГОУ ВПО РГМУ Росздрава, МоскваКафедра фундаментальной и клинической неврологии и нейрохирургии ГОУ ВПО РГМУ Росздрава, Москва

BotsinaA YuБоцинаА Ю

НИИ инсульта ГОУ ВПО РГМУ Росздрава, МоскваКафедра фундаментальной и клинической неврологии и нейрохирургии ГОУ ВПО РГМУ Росздрава, Москва

SokolovK VBotsinaA YuНИИ инсульта ГОУ ВПО РГМУ Росздрава, МоскваКафедра фундаментальной и клинической неврологии и нейрохирургии ГОУ ВПО РГМУ Росздрава, Москва150820091615NO15 (2009)№15 (2009)313523022023Copyright ©; 2009, Bionika MediaCopyright ©; 2009, ООО «Бионика Медиа»2009Bionika MediaООО «Бионика Медиа»https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/278018

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is form of stroke, in which the development of cognitive deficits in the long term is preventable with an integrated approach to treatment and rehabilitation. This is especially important given that SAH develops mainly in younger working age patients. The review is concerned with the current understanding of the causes of cognitive deficits associated with SAH. The evaluation of the various medical and surgical treatments for SAH on cognitive outcomes is presented. Relevant data for the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic Nimotop (nimodipine) administration, its role in preventing the development of cognitive impairment are discussed.

Субарахноидальное кровоизлияние (САК) - одна из форм инсульта, при которой развитие когнитивного дефицита в отдаленном периоде является предотвратимым при комплексном подходе к лечению и реабилитации. Это особенно актуально с учетом того, что САК развивается преимущественно у пациентов молодого трудоспособного возраста. В обзоре отражены современные представления о причинах развития когнитивного дефицита при САК. Дана оценка различным терапевтическим и хирургическим методам лечения САК в отношении когнитивных исходов. Приведены актуальные данные об эффективности профилактического и лечебного назначения Нимотопа (нимодипина), его роли в предотвращении развития когнитивных нарушений.

subarachnoid hemorrhageaneurysmcognitive deficitsvasospasmnimodipineсубарахноидальные кровоизлиянияаневризмакогнитивный дефицитвазоспазмнимодипинvan Gijn J, Kerr RS, Rinkel GJ. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 2007;369:306-18.Raaymakers D. for the Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Relatives of Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Study Group (1999): Risks and benefits of screening for intracranial aneurysms in first-degree relatives of patients with sporadic subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1344-50.Schievink WI. Intracranial aneurysms. N Engl J Med 1997;336:28-40.Longstreth WT, Nelson LM, Koepsell TD, et al. Clinical course of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: a population-based study in King County, Washington. Neurology 1993;43:712-18.Bonita R, Thomson S. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and outcome. Stroke 1985;16:591-94.Hutter BO, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Mayfrank L, et al. Functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1999;72:157-74.Hadjivassiliou M, Tooth CL, Romanowski CAJ, et al. Aneurysmal SAH: cognitive outcome and structural damage after clipping or coiling. Neurology 2001;56:1672--77.Buchanan KM, Elias LJ, Goplen GB. Differing perspectives on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the patient, the relative, the neurosurgeon. Neurosurgery 2000;46:831-38.Ogden J, Mee EW, Henning M. A prospective study of impairment of cognition and memory and recovery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1993;33:572-87.Grote E, Hassler W. The critical first minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1988;22:654-61.Vilkki J, Holst P, Ohman J, et al. Social outcome related to cognitive performance and computed tomographic findings after surgery for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Neurosurgery 1990;26:579-84.Richardson JTE. Cognitive performance following rupture and repair of intracranial aneurysm. Acta Neurol Scand 1991;83:110-22.Stabell KE, Magnaes B. Neuropsychological course after surgery for intracranial aneurysms: a prospective study and a critical review. Scand J Psychol 1997;38:127-37.Kreiter KT, Copeland D, Bernardini GL, et al. Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2002;33:200-09.Buchanan KM, Elias LJ, Goplen GB. Differing perspectives on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the patient, the relative, the neurosurgeon. Neurosurgery 2000;46:831-38.Hillis AE, Anderson N, Sampath P, et al. Cognitive impairments after surgical repair of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:608-15.Suarez JI, Tarr RW, Selman WR. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2006;354:387-96.Kassell NF, Sasaki T, Colohan AR, et al. Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 1985;16:562-72.Sobey CG, Faraci FM. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: what happens to cerebral arteries? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1998;25(11):867-76.Frontera JA, Fernandez A, Schmidt JM, et al. Defining vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. What is the most clinically relevant definition? Stroke 2009;40:1963-68.Richardson JT. Performance in free recall following rupture and repair of intracranial aneurysm. Brain Cognition 1989;9:210-26.Larsson C, Ronnberg J, Forssell A, et al. Verbal memory function after subarachnoid haemorrhage determined by the localisation of the ruptured aneurysm. Br J Neurosurg 1989;3:549-60.Stenhouse LM, Knight RG, Longmore BE, et al. Long-term cognitive deficits in patients after surgery on aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;54:909-14.Berry E, Jones RA, West CG, et al. Outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage: an analysis of surgical variables, cognitive and emotional sequelae related to SPECT scanning. Br J Neurosurg 1997;11:378-87.Rabinstein AA, Friedman JA, Weigand SD, et al. Predictors of cerebral infarction in aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2004;35:1862-66.Le Roux PD, Elliott JP, Newell DW, et al. Predicting outcome in poor-grade patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective review of 159 aggressively managed cases. J Neurosurg 1996;85:39-49.Hui C, Lau KP. Efficacy of intra-arterial nimodipine in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm complicating subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clin Radiol 2005;60(9):1030-36.Raabe A, Beck J, Berkefeld J, et al. Recommendations for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Zentralbl Neurochir 2005;66(2):79-91.Rinkel GJ, Feigin VL, Algra A, et al. Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;25(1):CD000277.Wu CT, Wong CS, Yeh CC, et al. Treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan 2004;42(4):215-22.Pantoni L, Bianchi C, Beneke M, et al. The Scandinavian Multi-Infarct Dementia Trial: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on nimodipine in multi-infarct dementia. J Neurol Sci 2000;175:116-23.Jan M, Buchheit F, Tremoulet M. Therapeutic trial of intravenous nimodipine in patients with established cerebral vasospasm after rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 1988;23:154-57.Feigin VL, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, et al. Calcium antagonists in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A systematic review. Neurology 1998;50:876-83.Sillberg VAH, Wells GA, Perry JJ. Do statins improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: а meta-analysis. Stroke 2008;39:2622-26.