It is well known that timely initiation of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) allows to maintain the possibility of secretion of patient’s own insulin for a longer period by reduction of glucose toxicity. In some cases, this can lead to a complete abolition of insulin therapy while maintaining a sufficient level of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. On the other hand, late start of insulin therapy, as well as late intensification of insulin therapy against the background of chronic decompensated carbohydrate metabolism in DM2 patients often leads to premature exhaustion of patients’ own insulin secretion, and the earlier development of diabetic complications and/or emergency conditions. The results of the monitoring indicate that the initiation or intensification of insulin therapy in 197 patients who did not have the target level of glycemic control against the background of treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents or previously received insulin therapy has resulted in a significant reduction in both fasting and postprandial glucose levels, as well as the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbAic). As early as in the first 3 months of therapy with genetically engineered insulin (Biosulin P and Biosulin H), 23% of patients reached target HbAic levels, and 56% of patients reached HbAic levels <8.0%. There were no severe hypoglycemia, local reactions and serious adverse events during follow-up.