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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmateca</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pharmateca</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фарматека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-4034</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9128</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">562785</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/pharmateca.2023.6-7.16-27</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Conversion therapy for stage IV gastric cancer: a review of prognostic factors and patient selection criteria according to the literature data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Конверсионное лечение при раке желудка IV стадии: обзор факторов прогноза и критериев отбора пациентов по литературным данным</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-0523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Besova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бесова</surname><given-names>Наталия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher at the Department of Antitumor Drug Therapy № 2, Division of Drug Treatment</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий науч. сотр. отделения противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии № 2 отдела лекарственного лечения</p></bio><email>besovans@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>6/7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-21"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-21"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/562785">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/562785</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background.</italic></bold><italic> In advanced gastric cancer (GC), the main method of treatment is antitumor drug therapy. However, the progno- sis for stage IV gastric cancer remains unfavorable, and therefore interest in the combination of chemotherapy with surgery is renewed.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Influence of palliative gastrectomy on the survival of patients with stage IV gastric cancer.</italic></bold><italic> The role of palliative gastrectomy in stage IV gastric cancer has been evaluated in a number of retrospective analyzes with conflicting results. The results of the REGATTA study showed that palliative gastrectomy followed by chemotherapy did not improve patient survival. There is an ongoing debate about the impact of palliative gastrectomy on survival rate in the literature.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Influence of conversion therapy on the survival of patients with stage IV gastric cancer. </italic></bold><italic>The term “conversion therapy” reflects a treatment concept with the effect of antitumor therapy on initially inoperable disseminated process to transferd to a resectable state with the possibility of complete surgical removal of tumor. The article presents a thematic review of studies; almost of them were retrospective. According to the prospective phase III study Neo-REGATTA, the survival rate of patients who received conversion therapy was significantly (P&lt;0.0001) higher than in the chemotherapy group. According to the results of meta-analyzes, the optimal strategy for the treatment of patients with stage IV gastric cancer is a combination of chemotherapy followed by surgery.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Conversion therapy: prognostic factors.</italic></bold><italic> As a result of multivariate Cox-analyses conducted by different authors, the following prognostic factors were identified: 1) satisfactory functional patient status ECOG 0-1; 2) performing R0 surgery; 3) the presence of only the one zone of distant metastasis; 4) chemotherapy at the first step of treatment; 5) achieving an objective effect of chemotherapy by the time of surgery; 6) at least 6–8 courses of chemotherapy before surgery.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Selection criteria for conversion therapy. </italic></bold><italic>Taking into account the heterogeneity, different biology and prevalence of the tumor, it is proposed to divide patients with stage IV gastric cancer into 4 categories: 1) patients with a potentially resectable process without peritoneal metastases; 2) patients with a borderline operable process without peritoneal metastases; 3) patients with macroscopically defined peritoneal dissemination, but without other distant metastases; 4) patients with macroscopically detectable peritoneal metastases and other distant metastases. Patients of the 1st and 2nd categories, less often – the 3rd and single patients of the 4th category can be considered as candidates for conversion. A critical analysis of the classification and the results of its practical application are presented.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion. </italic></bold><italic>To determine the role of the surgical method in the treatment of patients with stage IV gastric cancer, randomized prospective studies are required.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>При диссеминированном раке желудка (РЖ) основным методом лечения является противоопухолевая лекарственная терапия. Однако прогноз при РЖ IV стадии остается неблагоприятным, в связи с чем возродился интерес к комбинации химиотерапии с хирургическим лечением.</p> <p><bold>Влияние паллиативной гастрэктомии на выживаемость больных РЖ </bold><bold>IV</bold><bold> стадии.</bold> Роль паллиативной гастрэктомии при РЖ IV стадии оценена в ряде ретроспективных анализов, давших противоречивые результаты. Результаты исследования REGATTA показали, что паллиативная гастрэктомия с последующей химиотерапией не увеличивает выживаемости больных. В литературе продолжается дискуссия по поводу влияния паллиативной гастрэктомии на выживаемость.</p> <p><bold>Влияние конверсионного лечения на выживаемость больных РЖ </bold><bold>IV</bold><bold> стадии. </bold>Термин «conversion therapy» – конверсионное лечение, отражает лечебную концепцию, при которой в результате эффекта противоопухолевой терапии исходно неоперабель-ный диссеминированный процесс переводится в резектабельное состояние с возможностью полного хирургического удаления опухолевых проявлений. В статье представлен тематический обзор исследований, почти все из которых ретроспективные. По данным проспективного исследования III фазы Neo-REGATTA, выживаемость больных, получивших конверсионное лечение, значимо (p&lt;0,0001) выше, чем в группе химиотерапии. Согласно результатам мета-анализов, оптимальной стратегией лечения больных РЖ IV стадии является комбинация химиотерапии с последующим оперативным лечением.</p> <p><bold>Конверсионное лечение: факторы прогноза. </bold>В результате многофакторных Cox-анализов, проведенных разными авторами, выделены следующие факторы прогноза: 1) удовлетворительный функциональный статус пациента ECOG 0-1; 2) выполнение хирургического лечения в объеме R0; 3) наличие только 1-й зоны отдаленного метастазирования; 4) химиотерапия на первом этапе лечения; 5) достижение объективного эффекта химиотерапии к моменту операции; 6) проведение перед операцией не менее 6–8 курсов химиотерапии.</p> <p><bold>Критерии отбора пациентов для конверсионного лечения.</bold> С учетом гетерогенности, различной биологии и распространенности опухоли предложено разделение больных РЖ IV стадии на четыре категории: 1) пациенты c потенциально операбельным процессом без метастазов по брюшине; 2) пациенты с погранично операбельным процессом без метастазов по брюшине; 3) пациенты с макроскопически определяемой диссеминацией по брюшине, но без других отдаленных метастазов; 4) пациенты с макроскопически определяемыми метастазами по брюшине и другими отдаленными метастазами. Кандидатами на конверсионное будут пациенты 1-й и 2-й категорий, реже – 3-й и единичные больные 4-й категории. Представлены критический анализ классификации и результаты ее практического применения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Для определения роли хирургического метода в лечении больных РЖ IV стадии необходимы рандомизированные проспективные исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>conversion therapy</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>conversion surgery</kwd><kwd>oligometastatic disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>конверсионное лечение</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>конверсионная хирургия</kwd><kwd>олигометастатическая болезнь</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. 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