PharmatecaPharmatecaФарматека2073-40342414-9128Bionika Media62591810.18565/pharmateca.2023.13.19-29ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleCicatricial alopecia: classification, clinical and morphological features, diagnosis and treatment (literature review)Рубцовые алопеции: классификация, клинико-морфологические особенности, диагностика и лечение (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0737-0317RavodinR. A.РаводинР. А.
Russian Federation
pharmateca@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-5265KruglovaL. S.КругловаЛ. С.
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology

д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой дерматовенерологии и косметологии

kruglovals@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-4414-0417DenisovaE. A.ДенисоваЕ. А.
Russian Federation
pharmateca@yandex.ruCentral State Medical Academy of the Administrative Department of the President of the Russian federationЦентральная государственная медицинская академия УДП РФNorth-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. MechnikovСеверо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. МечниковаVolosy.ru ClinicКлиника Волосы.ру04122023301319292301202423012024Copyright ©; 2023, Bionika MediaCopyright ©; 2023, ООО «Бионика Медиа»2023Bionika MediaООО «Бионика Медиа»https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/625918

Up to 8% of dermatological patients visit doctors about hair loss. Among the causes of hair loss, cicatricial alopecia (CA) represents a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. CA includes a group of diseases in which the common end result is the destruction of the hair follicle, which is replaced by connective tissue. The irreversibility of hair loss and the associated adverse cosmetic consequences of CA require special attention to their timely diagnosis. There are primary and secondary CAs. Primary CA is characterized by a folli-culocentric inflammatory process, which leads to the destruction of the hair follicle; in secondary RA, the hair follicle is indirectly affected along with other skin structures. The proportion of primary RA, which represents the greatest difficulty in diagnostic and therapeutic terms, accounts for 3–7%. Diagnosis of the disease that caused primary CA is based on a careful collection of the patient’s medical history, clinical examination, dermoscopic (trichoscopic) data and the results of a biopsy of the scalp, which is a necessary condition for prescribing appropriate therapy. The article presents literature data on the classification, diagnosis and treatment of various types of CA.

До 8% дерматологических пациентов обращаются к врачам по поводу выпадения волос. Из причин, вызывающих выпадение волос, рубцовая алопеция (РА) представляет собой сложную диагностическую и терапевтическую проблему. РА включает группу заболеваний, при которых общим конечным итогом является разрушение волосяного фолликула, который замещается соединительной тканью. Необратимость выпадения волос и связанные с этим неблагоприятные косметические последствия РА требуют особого внимания к их своевременной диагностике. Различают первичные и вторичные РА. Первичные РА характеризуются фолликулоцентрическим воспалительным процессом, который приводит к разрушению волосяного фолликула, при вторичных РА волосяной фолликул поражается опосредованно вместе с другими структурами кожи. На долю первичных РА, которые представляют наибольшую трудность в диагностическом и терапевтическом планах, приходится 3–7%. Диагностика заболевания, вызвавшего первичную РА, основывается на тщательном сборе анамнеза пациента, клиническом обследовании, дерматоскопических (трихоскопических) данных и результатах биопсии кожи волосистой части головы, что является необходимым условием для назначения соответствующей терапии. В статье представлены данные литературы, посвященные вопросам классификации, диагностики и лечения различных видов РА.

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