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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmateca</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pharmateca</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фарматека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-4034</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9128</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">680145</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/pharmateca.2025.2.98-108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Structural and functional changes in the thyroid gland in the early and late periods after radiation therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структурные и функциональные изменения щитовидной железы в раннем и отдаленном периоде после лучевой терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-1483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amergulov</surname><given-names>Ilya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амергулов</surname><given-names>Илья Ильич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Endocrinology No. 1, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры эндокринологии № 1 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6073-328X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Maria G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Мария Геннадиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Endocrinology No. 1, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры эндокринологии № 1 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>mgp.doc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-0095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sych</surname><given-names>Yulia P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыч</surname><given-names>Юлия Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Endocrinology No. 1, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры эндокринологии № 1 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>juliasytch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5466-6165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravleva</surname><given-names>Yulia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлева</surname><given-names>Юлия Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5th year student of the Faculty of General Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 5-го курса лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>zhjulia03@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5039-7875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolov</surname><given-names>Magomed M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долов</surname><given-names>Магомед Мустапович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiotherapist, Department of Radiation Therapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-радиотерапевт отделения радиотерапии</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-8728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdyklychev</surname><given-names>Mergen T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердыклычев</surname><given-names>Мерген Тувакклычевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist, Outpatient Department of Extra-Budgetary Medical ActivitiesOncologist, Outpatient Department of Extra-Budgetary Medical Activities</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог поликлинического отделения внебюджетной медицинской деятельности</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-392X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrokhotova</surname><given-names>Valentina Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доброхотова</surname><given-names>Валентина Зиноновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Oncology, Oncologist, Surgical Department of Head and Neck Tumors</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры онкологии, врач-онколог хирургического отделения опухолей головы и шеи</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5249-3751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sannikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санникова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical Physicist, Department of Radiation Therapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>медицинский физик отделения радиотерапии</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7204-370X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimova</surname><given-names>Oksana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимова</surname><given-names>Оксана Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Department of Radiation Therapy, Radiotherapist, Professor at the Department of Oncology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий науч. сотр. отделения радиотерапии, врач-радиотерапевт, профессор кафедры онкологии</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-4461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiotherapist, Division of Radiation Therapy, Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-радиотерапевт отдела лучевой терапии, Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт имени П.А. Герцена </p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1008-9583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiotherapist, Division of Radiation Therapy, Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-радиотерапевт отдела лучевой терапии, Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт имени П.А. Герцена </p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-2612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkova</surname><given-names>Natalia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Day Hospital, Division of Radiation Therapy, Radiotherapist, Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. дневным стационаром отдела лучевой терапии, врач-радиотерапевт, Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт имени П.А. Герцена </p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-5189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Наталья Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Physicotechnical Department, Division of Radiation Therapy, Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. физико-техническим отделением отдела лучевой терапии, Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт имени П.А. Герцена </p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-7881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kandakova</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кандакова</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the 70-bed Radiation Therapy Department with a 30-bed Day Hospital of the Radiation Therapy Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. отделением лучевой терапии на 70 коек с дневным стационаром на 30 коек клиники лучевой терапии</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-314X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sotnikov</surname><given-names>Vladimir M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сотников</surname><given-names>Владимир Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Division of MASC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. отделом МАСЦ</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-1692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Endocrinology No. 1, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры эндокринологии № 1 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-6315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeev</surname><given-names>Valentin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеев</surname><given-names>Валентин Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Endocrinology No. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, зав. кафедрой эндокринологии № 1 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>ilya_a94@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow International Oncology Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский международный онкологический центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного медицинского образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ НМИЦ радиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Center of Roentgenology and Radiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/680145">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/680145</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background: </bold>Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the study of acute and late consequences of cancer treatment. To date, a small number of studies on thyroid dysfunction in the acute period after radiation therapy (RT) to the neck and supraclavicular lymph nodes have been published in the literature.</p> <p><bold>Objective: </bold>Assessment of the prevalence of structural and functional changes in the thyroid gland in the acute period after RT for head and neck cancer (HNC) and breast cancer (BC).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods: </bold>The prospective study included 35 patients, median age – 46 years [41; 49]: 14 patients with HNSCC (7 men and 7 women) and 21 patients with BC. The study of the TSH, free T4, thyroglobulin levels and thyroid ultrasound were performed before the start of RT, immediately after its completion and 6 months later.</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> In three patients (8.57%), destructive thyroiditis was detected immediately after the completion of RT – subclinical thyrotoxicosis was registered in one patient with HNSCC and in one patient with BC. Another patient with BC had a hypothyroid phase of destructive thyroiditis. In all three cases, the patients did not present any complaints, and the laboratory parameters reached the reference values during the repeat examination after 6 months. When comparing the parameters over time, a significant decrease in the thyroid gland volume was noted immediately after RT compared to the volume before RT (p=0.043). After 6 months, 2 cases of hypothyroidism (5.71%) were noted: one case of subclinical hypothyroidism after treatment for BC and one case of manifest hypothyroidism after treatment for HNC.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> In the early period after RT, destructive thyroiditis may develop, which has no clinical manifestations and resolves spontaneously within a few months. After 6 months, the risk of hypothyroidism increases, requiring replacement therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование: </bold>Последнее время все больше внимания уделяется изучению острых и отдаленных последствий лечения онкологических заболеваний. К настоящему времени в литературе опубликовано небольшое число исследований, посвященных нарушениям функции щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) в остром периоде после лучевой терапии (ЛТ) на область шеи и надключичных лимфоузлов.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования:</bold> Оценить распространенность структурных и функциональных изменений щитовидной железы в остром периоде после ЛТ по поводу рака головы/шеи (РГШ) и рака молочной железы (РМЖ).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы: </bold>В проспективное исследование включено 35 пациентов, медиана возраста – 46 лет [41; 49]: 14 пациентов с РГШ (7 мужчин и 7 женщин) и 21 пациентка с РМЖ. Исследование уровней ТТГ, св. Т4, тиреоглобулина и УЗИ щитовидной железы проводилось до начала ЛТ, сразу после ее завершения и через 6 месяцев.</p> <p><bold>Результаты: </bold>У трех пациентов (8,57%) сразу после завершения ЛТ выявлен деструктивный тиреоидит – у одного пациента с РГШ и у одной пациентки с РМЖ зарегистрирован субклинический тиреотоксикоз. Еще у одной пациентки с РМЖ наблюдалась гипотиреоидная фаза деструктивного тиреоидита. Во всех трех случаях пациенты не предъявляли никаких жалоб, а лабораторные показатели достигли референсных значений при повторном исследовании через 6 месяцев. При сравнении показателей в динамике отмечалось достоверное снижение объема щитовидной железы сразу после ЛТ по сравнению с объемом до ЛТ (p=0,043). Через 6 месяцев отмечено 2 случая гипотиреоза (5,71%): один случай субклинического гипотиреоза после лечения РМЖ и один случай манифестного гипотиреоза после лечения РГШ.</p> <p><bold>Заключение: </bold>В раннем периоде после ЛТ возможно развитие деструктивного тиреоидита, который не имеет клинических проявлений и разрешается самостоятельно в течение нескольких месяцев. Через 6 месяцев повышается риск гипотиреоза, требующего назначения заместительной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-radiation hypothyroidism</kwd><kwd>head and neck cancer</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>radiation therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>послелучевой гипотиреоз</kwd><kwd>рак головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jereczek-Fossa B.A., Alterio D., Jassem J., et al. 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