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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmateca</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pharmateca</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фарматека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-4034</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9128</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">693885</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/pharmateca.2025.7.83-88</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical description and genetic nature of Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). Literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническое описание и генетическая природа синдрома Патау (трисомия 13). Обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-0408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>Alyona A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Алена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.); Associate Professor; Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.; доцент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии и неонатологии</p></bio><email>fduecn-2010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-8979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yamanova</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яманова</surname><given-names>Галина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant; Department of Normal Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры нормальной физиологии</p></bio><email>galina_262@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-1628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakova</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белякова</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.); Assistant; Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.; ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней педиатрического факультета</p></bio><email>irinka150911@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-8944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasochkina</surname><given-names>Daria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасочкина</surname><given-names>Дария Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.); Associate Professor; Department of Normal Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.; доцент кафедры нормальной физиологии</p></bio><email>mitrohina_dariya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Astrakhan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-19"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-19"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/693885">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/693885</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chromosomal disorders are severe congenital pathologies caused by abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes. They are characterized by complex defects in mental and physical development. The key manifestation is intellectual disability; often complicated by hearing; vision; and musculoskeletal disorders; as well as severe speech and behavioral disorders. Most embryos with such disorders are not viable and die in early pregnancy; but in some cases; children are born; and these syndromes have clearly visible external features. Scientific research shows that the majority of chromosomal pathologies are caused by numerical changes in chromosomes. Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) is a common trisomy; characterized by low birth weight; brain abnormalities; characteristic facial features (microcephaly; narrow palpebral fissures; auricular deformities; cleft lip and palate); as well as heart defects and internal organ abnormalities. This article presents a systematic and in-depth overview of Patau syndrome. It examines the possible causes of congenital anomalies and provides a detailed analysis of cytogenetic variants; clinical symptoms; and diagnostic methods for this trisomy. This review is based on a literature search of PUBMED; ScienceDirect; and eLIBRARY.RU.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хромосомные болезни – это тяжелые врожденные патологии; вызванные аномалиями в структуре или числе хромосом. Они характеризуются комплексными пороками психического и физического развития. Ключевым проявлением является интеллектуальная недостаточность; которая часто осложняется нарушениями слуха; зрения; опорно-двигательного аппарата; а также серьезными расстройствами речи и поведения. Большинство эмбрионов с такими нарушениями нежизнеспособны и гибнут на ранних сроках беременности; но в некоторых случаях дети рождаются и эти синдромы имеют ярко выраженные внешние признаки. Научные исследования показывают; что преобладающая часть хромосомных патологий вызвана числовыми изменениями хромосом. К часто встречающимся трисомиям относится синдром Патау (трисомия по 13-й хромосоме); проявляющийся в низкой массе тела при рождении; аномалиях развития мозга; характерных чертах лица (микроцефалия; узкие глазные щели; деформации ушных раковин; расщелины губы и неба); а также пороках сердца и патологиях внутренних органов. В данной статье представлены систематизация и углубленные сведения о синдроме Патау. Рассмотрены возможные причины врожденных аномалий; подробно анализируются цитогенетические варианты; клинические симптомы и методы диагностики данной трисомии. Обзор подготовлен на основе анализа литературных источников из баз данных PUBMED; ScienceDirect и eLIBRARY.RU.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital malformations</kwd><kwd>Patau syndrome</kwd><kwd>abnormal human systemic constitution</kwd><kwd>trisomy 13</kwd><kwd>chromosomal mutations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные пороки развития</kwd><kwd>синдром Патау</kwd><kwd>аномальная системная конституция человека</kwd><kwd>трисомия по 13-й хромосоме</kwd><kwd>хромосомные мутации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Зайцева О.А.; Сергейчик Л.С. Сравнительный анализ структуры врожденных пороков развития у новорожденных. Проблемы здоровья и экологии. 2023;20(4):35–44. [Zaitseva O.A.; Sergeichik L.S. Comparative analysis of the structure of congenital malformations in newborns. Problemy Zdorov`ya Ekologii. 2023;20(4):35–44. 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