<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmateca</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pharmateca</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фарматека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-4034</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9128</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">717319</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/pharmateca.2026.4.237-248</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Endocrinology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эндокринология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the efficacy of semaglutide in the correction of lipotoxicity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка эффективности семаглутида в коррекции липотоксичности у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3920-5914</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5461-2590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antsiferova</surname><given-names>Daria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анциферова</surname><given-names>Дарья Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>еndocrinologist, Postgraduate Student, Department of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эндокринолог, аспирантка кафедры эндокринологии</p></bio><email>cifrenda@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-7619</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9511-1413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ametov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аметов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой эндокринологии</p></bio><email>alexander.ametov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinological Dispensary, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Эндокринологический диспансер ДЗМ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-08-17"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>237</fpage><lpage>248</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-17"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-17"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-17"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="accepted"><event-desc>Accepted:<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-17"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-08-17"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/717319">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/article/view/717319</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective: </bold>Evaluation of the effect of semaglutide on lipotoxicity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods: </bold>A single-center prospective study included 63 patients aged 40–69 years with DM2 and obesity (body mass index 30.0–39.9 kg/m²) on metformin monotherapy (1000–2500 mg/day) and a glycated hemoglobin level of 7.0 to 9.0%. 59 patients completed the observation. For 6 months, patients received semaglutide 1 times a week with a dose titration of up to 1.0 mg, and the effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Lipotoxicity was analyzed within the framework of the lipometabolic continuum using a comprehensive assessment of fat and muscle mass (anthropometry, bioimpedansometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the Total Body Composition mode), carbohydrate metabolism, insulin resistance and secretory capacity of pancreatic β cells, lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides), free fatty acid (FFA) and adiponectin levels, and biochemical and instrumental markers of liver status, including ultrasound and shear wave elastography with METAVIR fibrosis score.</p> <p><bold>Results: </bold>Semaglutide therapy leads to a decrease in FFA and triglyceride levels, transformation of the body composition with a decrease in fat mass, including visceral fat, an improvement in insulin sensitivity at various levels, including adipose tissue, an increase in β cell function and an improvement in the functional and structural state of the liver. Semaglutide had the greatest anti-lipotoxic effect in patients with initially more pronounced lipotoxicity.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that semaglutide therapy contributes to a multicomponent anti-lipotoxic effectin patients with DM2 and obesity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования:</bold> оценить влияние семаглутида на показатели липотоксичности у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы:</bold> В одноцентровое проспективное исследование были включены 63 пациента в возрасте 40–69 лет с СД2 и ожирением (индекс массы тела 30,0–39,9 кг/м²) на монотерапии метформином (1000–2500 мг/сут) и уровнем гликированного гемоглобина от 7,0 до 9,0%. Завершили наблюдение 59 человек. В течение 6 месяцев пациенты получали семаглутид 1 раз в неделю с титрацией дозы до 1,0 мг, а эффективность терапии оценивали через 3 и 6 месяцев. Липотоксичность анализировали в рамках концепции липометаболического континуума, используя комплексную оценку жировой и мышечной массы (антропометрия, биоимпедансометрия, двухэнергетическая рентгеновская абсорбциометрия в режиме Total Body Composition), показатели углеводного обмена, инсулинорезистентности и секреторной способности β-клеток поджелудочной железы, липидного профиля (общий холестерин, липопротеиды низкой плотности, липопротеиды высокой плотности, триглицериды), уровни свободных жирных кислот (СЖК) и адипонектина, а также биохимические и инструментальные маркеры состояния печени, включая ультразвуковое исследование и эластографию сдвиговой волны с оценкой фиброза по шкале METAVIR.</p> <p><bold>Результаты: </bold>Терапия семаглутидом приводит к снижению уровней СЖК и триглицеридов, трансформации композиционного состава тела с уменьшением жировой массы, в т.ч. висцерального жира, улучшению чувствительности к инсулину на различных уровнях, включая жировую ткань, повышению функции β-клеток и улучшению функционально-структурного состояния печени. Наибольшее антилипотоксическое влияние семаглутид оказывал у пациентов с изначально более выраженной липотоксичностью.</p> <p><bold>Заключение:</bold> На основании полученных данных можно сделать вывод, что терапия семаглутидом способствует многокомпонентному антилипотоксическому действию у пациентов с СД2 и ожирением.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>lipotoxicity</kwd><kwd>free fatty acids</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>body composition</kwd><kwd>metabolically associated fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists</kwd><kwd>semaglutide</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>липотоксичность</kwd><kwd>свободные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>композиционный состав тела</kwd><kwd>метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>агонисты рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1</kwd><kwd>семаглутид</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ren L., Cui H., Wang Y., et al. The role of lipotoxicity in kidney disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;161:114465.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Drosatos K., Schulze P.C., Drosatos K. Cardiac lipotoxicity: molecular pathways and therapeutic implications. Curr Heart Failure Rep. 2013;10(2):109–21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Schaffer J.E. Lipotoxicity: when tissues overeat. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003;14(3):281–7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Perry R.J., Camporez J.-P.G., Kursawe R., et al. Hepatic acetyl CoA links adipose tissue inflammation to hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cell. 2015;160(4):745–58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Lee S.-H., Park S.-Y., Choi C.S. Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Diab Metab J. 2022;46(1):15–37.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Lytrivi M., Castell A.-L., Poitout V., Cnop M. Recent Insights Into Mechanisms of β-Cell Lipo- and Glucolipotoxicity in Type 2 Diabetes. J Mol Biol. 2020;432(5):1514–34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Wende A.R., Abel E.D. Lipotoxicity in the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1801(3):311–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Han Y., Sun Q., Chen W., et al. New advances of adiponectin in regulating obesity and related metabolic syndromes. J Pharmaceut Anal. 2024;14(5):100913.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Демидова Т.Ю., Ушанова Ф.О. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: аспекты ведения коморбидного пациента. Терапевтический архив. 2023;95(10):888–95. [Demidova T.Yu., Ushanova F.O. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: aspects of managing a comorbid patient. Therapeutic archive. 2023;95(10):888–95. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Šramek J., Němcova-Fürstova V., Kovar J. Kinase Signaling in Apoptosis Induced by Saturated Fatty Acids in Pancreatic β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(9):1400.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Лазебник Л.Б. Голованова Е.В., Туркина С.В. и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Рекомендации для терапевтов, третья версия. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2021;1(185):4–52. [Lazebnik L.B., Golovanova E.V., Turkina S.V., et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Recommendations for therapists, third version. Experimental and clinical gastroenterology. 2021;1(185):4–52 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Petersen M.C., Samuel V.T., Petersen K.F., Shulman G.I. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd, 2020. P. 455–71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Аметов А.С., Черникова Н.А., Абдулкадирова Ф.Р. и др. Роль липотоксичности в достижении гликемического контроля у больных СД 2 типа и ожирением. Медицинский совет. 2013;6:84–91. [Ametov A.S., Chernikova N.A., Abdulkadirova F.R., et al. The role of lipotoxicity in achieving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Medical council. 2013;6:84–91. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Аметов А.С., Шохин И.Е., Рогожина Е.А. и др. Сравнительный анализ физико-химических свойств, биоэквивалентности, безопасности и переносимости отечественного семаглутида. Фармация и фармакология. 2023;11(4):324-346. [Ametov A.S., Shokhin I.E., Rogozhina E.A., et al. Comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties, bioequivalence, safety, and tolerability of domestic semaglutide. Pharmacy and pharmacology. 2023;11(4):324–346. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Государственный реестр лекарственных средств. Квинсента. [State Register of Medicines. Quincenta. (In Russ.)]. URL: https://grls.minzdrav.gov.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx?routingGuid=23f24971-24ba-4fa5-a0f2-928d8f20eed5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Видаль. Справочник лекарственных средств. Семавик. [Vidal. Handbook of Medicines. Semavik. (In Russ.)]. URL: https://www.vidal.ru/drugs/semavik</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Государственный реестр лекарственных препаратов. Семавик. [State Register of Medicines. Semavik. (In Russ.)]. URL: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx?routingGuid=023dc1e2-bd02-4b09-8ba5-4910c06adf34</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Matthews D.R., Hosker J.P., Rudenski A.S., et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Liang W., Ouyang H. The association between triglyceride-glucose index combined with obesity indicators and stroke risk: A longitudinal study based on CHARLS data. BMC. Еndocrine Disord. 2024;24(1):234.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Katsuki A., Sumida Y., Gabazza E.C., et al. QUICKI is useful for following improvements in insulin sensitivity after therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(6):2906–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou Q., Yan H., Jin A., et al. Adipose tissue specific insulin resistance and prognosis of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke. Diabetol Metab Syndrome. 2023;15(1):246.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Wallace T.M., Levy J.C., Matthews D.R. Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diab Care. 2004;27(6):1487–95.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Mann J.P., Savage D.B. What lipodystrophies teach us about the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Investigat. 2019;129(10):4009–21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Frayn K.N. Adipose tissue as a buffer for daily lipid flux. Diabetologia. 2002;45(9):1201–10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Nielsen S., Guo Z., Johnson C.M., et al. Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity. J Clin Investigat. 2004;113(11):1582–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Spiller S., Blüher M., Hoffmann R. Plasma levels of free fatty acids correlate with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Obes Metab. 2018;20(11):2661–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Oh Y.S., Bae G.D., Baek D.J., et al. Fatty Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity in Pancreatic Beta-Cells During Development of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:384.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Демидова Т.Ю., Круглова Е.Л. Ожирение как ключевая и модифицируемая причина развития сахарного диабета 2 типа. РМЖ. 2009;17(7):450. [Demidova T.Yu., Kruglova E.L. Obesity as a key and modifiable cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus development. RMJ. 2009;17(7):450 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Салль Т.С., Князева Е.С., Ситкин С.И. и др. Молекулярные механизмы развития неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Профилактическая медицина. 2021;24(4):120–31. [Sall T.S., Knyazeva E.S., Sitkin S.I., et al. Molecular mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development. Preventive Medicine. 2021;24(4):120–31. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Петунина Н.А., Тельнова М.Э. (Нарышкина), Гончарова Е.В. (Колоскова) и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени и сахарный диабет 2 типа в практике врача-эндокринолога. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2023;19(21):36–44. [Petunina N.A., Telnova M.E. (Naryshkina), Goncharova E.V. (Koloskova), et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the practice of an endocrinologist. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2023;19(21):36–44. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Ipsen D.H., Lykkesfeldt J., Tveden-Nyborg P. Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Mol Life Sci: CMLS. 2018;75(18):3313–27.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Mendez-Sanchez N., Cruz-Ramon V.C., Ramirez-Perez O.L., et al. New Aspects of Lipotoxicity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):2034.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
