Analytical clinical and statistical assessments of examination and treatment of oncological diseases

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Abstract

Objective: Clinical and statistical analysis in the field of diagnostics of new cases of oncological diseases, lethal outcome and the effectiveness of modern methods of therapy, diagnostics of cancer.

Materials and methods: The information search strategy to identify relevant studies published in MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus was applied, and included medical subject headings, as well as relevant text (title and abstract), as well as a search by keywords using terms to describe the population and terms in need of supportive care. The graphs were plotted using Microsoft Excel 2013.

Results: According to open data, as of 2020, about 20 million cases of malignant neoplasms were registered, the number of deaths reached 10 million. When analyzing statistical data, it was revealed that most oncological diseases are common in Asia. Europe ranks second in terms of prevalence of oncological diseases, followed by America. Breast cancer tops the list of the most common oncological disease in women. Next on the list are lung, colorectal, prostate and stomach cancers, their variability from the total number of cases ranges from 5.6 to 11.7%. The list of types of malignant neoplasms that most often cause death is headed by lung cancer, then colorectal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer and female breast cancer, their variability from the total number of cases ranges from 6.9 to 18.0%. Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are recognized as the most commonly used methods and are preferred worldwide for cancer treatment. Currently, targeted therapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy are being improved and developed. However, individualized cancer treatment is still at an early stage. New high-performance platforms have emerged in the field of cancer diagnostics, namely radiogenomics and NGS technologies.

Conclusion: Thus, technical and bioinformatics advances in oncology allow doctors and technologies to move forward and develop. It is extremely important that this progress be accompanied by a growing awareness of its great potential by doctors and patients. It is also fundamentally important that progress be accompanied by strict control over the use of these technologies in terms of ethical issues and maintaining a balance between hope and excitement.

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About the authors

Yuri V. Samsonov

National Medical Research Center of Radiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: samsonovu@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2971-5873
Scopus Author ID: 57201684855

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Coordination of Medical Care, Center for Coordination of Activities of Institutions of the Regions of the Russian Federation in the Field of Radiology and Oncology

Russian Federation, Moscow

A. A. Kostin

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)

Email: samsonovu@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0792-6012
SPIN-code: 8073-0899
Scopus Author ID: 16175361500

Corr. Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, First Vice-Rector – Vice-Rector for Research, Head of the Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology with the Course of Oncourology, Medical Institute

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Figure. 1. Global distribution of cancer incidence and mortality

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3. Figure. 2. Most frequently diagnosed cancer typestumor

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4. Figure. 3. Cancer types by location that are the leading cause of death

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