Emergency care in oncology: potential complications of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors


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Immune checkpoint inhibitors aimed to blocking the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1, show a high potential for antitumor activity in many oncological diseases including melanoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma. Some of these drugs are already becoming the main line of therapy for the late stages of melanoma and other malignant neoplasms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, however, have a particular profile of side effects, causing immune-mediated adverse events (IMAEs). These side effects can occur in any organ system, but the most common are lesions of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine and respiratory systems. IMAEs are usually treated with glucocorticosteroids which suppress the excessive activity of the immune response. Doctors of any specialties should know this class of drugs and their AE profile in order to recognize patients with IMAEs in time and prescribe the necessary therapy. This article provides a short description of the main immune checkpoints inhibitors and discusses the most common AEs that doctors may encounter in their practice.

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作者简介

R. Nuriev

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Clinical Center Vitamed

Moscow, Russia

M. Sekacheva

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Moscow, Russia

A. Bondarenko

Clinical Center Vitamed

Moscow, Russia

M. Baranova

Clinical Center Vitamed; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Department of Oncology Moscow, Russia

S. Sletina

Clinical Center Vitamed

Moscow, Russia

E. Poddubskaya

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Clinical Center Vitamed

Email: podd-elena@yandex.ru
PhD, Deputy Director of the Clinical Center of Sechenov University for Oncology 8, Trubetskaya Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation

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