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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Izvestiya MGTU MAMI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Izvestiya MGTU MAMI</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия МГТУ “МАМИ“</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2074-0530</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1428</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696802</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2074-0530-696802</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EUJEYU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Transport and transport-technological facilities</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Транспортные и транспортно-технологические комплексы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Integrated electro-thermal simulation and adaptive coolant flow control for energy-efficient thermal management of high-voltage vehicle batteries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Интегрированное электро-тепловое моделирование и адаптивное управление расходом охлаждающей жидкости для энергоэффективного терморегулирования высоковольтной батареи транспортного средства</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-2423</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7398-3642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>Trong Duc</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгуен</surname><given-names>Чонг Дык</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate of the Automobiles Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры «Автомобили»</p></bio><email>nguyentrongduc221999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-8662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vu</surname><given-names>Hai Quan</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ву</surname><given-names>Хай Куан</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Dean of Automotive Technology Faculty of the School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук; декан факультета автомобильных технологий Школы механики и автомобилестроения</p></bio><email>quanvh@haui.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9420-0363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bui</surname><given-names>Van Hai</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буй</surname><given-names>Ван Хай</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering); Lecturer of Automotive Technology Faculty of the School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук; преподаватель факультета автомобильных технологий Школы механики и автомобилестроения</p></bio><email>haibv1@haui.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4917-6525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>Khac Minh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгуен</surname><given-names>Хак Минь</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering); Lecturer of Automotive Technology Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук; преподаватель факультета автомобильных технологий</p></bio><email>khacminhcdl@tnut.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-7817</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8926-2694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpukhin</surname><given-names>Kirill E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпухин</surname><given-names>Кирилл Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering), assistant professor, Professor at the Advanced Engineering School of Technological Leadership FDR</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент, профессор Передовой инженерной школы технологического лидерства FDR</p></bio><email>kir-karpukhin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9521-1800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpukhin</surname><given-names>Filipp K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпухин</surname><given-names>Филипп Кириллович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student of the Transport Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент транспортного факультета</p></bio><email>filippkarpukhin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет (МАДИ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ha Noi University of Industry (HaUI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ханойский промышленный университет (ХПУ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Thai Nguyen University of Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тайгуенский технологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский политехнический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-22"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-28"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-07-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2074-0530/article/view/696802">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2074-0530/article/view/696802</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> An effective Battery Thermal Management System is critical for the safety and service life of electric vehicle batteries. The primary challenge involves maintaining temperature field uniformity while minimizing the energy consumption of the cooling system.</p> <p><bold>AIM:<italic> </italic></bold>Development of an integrated multidomain simulation model with coupled electro-thermal analysis 1) to quantify the relationship between discharge current and heat generation, 2) to optimize cooling control strategies, 3) to evaluate the impact of coolant flow maldistribution within the module architecture of a battery.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The model is built in the MATLAB/Simulink using the Simscape Electrical and the Simscape Thermal libraries for a system of eight modules comprising 312 cells in total. A threshold-based control algorithm with a low-pass filter (τ=3 s) modulates the coolant flow rate between 0.5 and 10 l/min. Simulations were performed with a ±60 A current profile over 2400 s to emulate real-world driving conditions.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The model maintains battery temperature within a safe range of 300,2–303,2 K, i.e., 15 K below the critical threshold. The intelligent control system reduced pump power from 120 W to 0 W for 62.5% of the operating time. The State of Charge variance between modules remained below 0.5%. The model specifically accounts for hydraulic non-uniformity in coolant flow distribution across multi-module assemblies.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:<italic> </italic></bold>The model enables a 70% reduction in design costs and achieves up to 95% accuracy in predicting overheating. A 15–20% reduction in auxiliary power consumption and scalability (300–800 V) make this solution highly relevant for commercial electric transport.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Эффективная система управления тепловым режимом критически важна для безопасности и ресурса батарей электромобилей. Основная проблема — поддержание равномерности температурного поля при минимизации энергопотребления системы охлаждения.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— разработать интегрированную многодоменную модель с сопряжённым электротепловым анализом, которая позволит сделать следующие шаги: 1) количественно оценить взаимосвязь между током разряда и тепловыделением; 2) оптимизировать стратегию управления охлаждением; 3) оценить влияние неравномерного распределения расхода охлаждающей жидкости в модульной структуре батареи.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Модель создана в MATLAB/Simulink с использованием библиотек Simscape Electrical и Simscape Thermal для системы из 8 модулей (всего 312 ячеек). Применён пороговый алгоритм управления с фильтром нижних частот (τ=3 с), регулирующий расход охлаждающей жидкости в диапазоне 0,5–10 л/мин. Моделирование выполнено с профилем тока ±60 А, в течение 2400 с, что воспроизводит условия реального вождения.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Модель поддерживает температуру батареи в безопасном диапазоне 300,2–303,2 К, что на 15 К ниже критического порога. Интеллектуальная система управления снижает мощность насоса с 120 до 0 Вт в 62,5% времени работы. Разброс уровня заряда между модулями составил менее 0,5%. Впервые учтён эффект гидравлической неравномерности распределения потока в многомодульных сборках.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Модель позволяет сократить затраты на проектирование на 70% и повысить точность прогнозирования перегревов до 95%. Снижение энергопотребления вспомогательных систем на 15–20% и масштабируемость (300–800 В) делают решение актуальным для коммерческого электротранспорта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric vehicle</kwd><kwd>lithium-ion battery</kwd><kwd>battery thermal management system</kwd><kwd>traction battery</kwd><kwd>thermal runaway</kwd><kwd>Simscape</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электромобиль</kwd><kwd>литий-ионная аккумуляторная батарея</kwd><kwd>тепловое управление аккумуляторным блоком</kwd><kwd>тяговая аккумуляторная батарея</kwd><kwd>тепловой разгон</kwd><kwd>Simscape</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tuan NK, Karpukhin KE, Terenchenko AS, Kolbasov AF. World trends in the development of vehicles with alternative energy sources. 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