Vestnik VGIK I Journal of Film Arts and Film StudiesVestnik VGIK I Journal of Film Arts and Film Studies2074-08322713-2471Eco-vector4353410.17816/VGIK43534Research ArticleModern Art History As a Human Science in a Situation of Cultural TurnKHrenovNikolay<p>Doctor of Sciences (Philosophy), Professor, State Institute of Cultural Studies</p>nihrenov@mail.ruFederal State-Financed Scientific Institution
‘State Institute for Art Studies’02102020122961080109202028092020Copyright © 2020, KHrenov N.2020<p style="text-align: justify;">Intensive development of knowledge in the 20th century, including the emergence of new sciences and humanities, constantly creates a problematic situation in the sphere of art, shifting arts designation to what in the philosophy of science is known as normal science. This is associated with the idea of art as a science that has reached a stage of maturity and consistency and, therefore, complies with its norms. The concept of art as normal science is characterized by a certain degree of conservatism, as it presupposes arts selfprotection against deviations from the established methodology.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">However, sometimes the artistic processes of modernity require different approaches. In addition, the emergence of new humanities shifts the already established methodology of art. This happened in the first decades of the 20th century, in the era of a linguistic turn in the humanities, indicating the invasion of natural sciences in the humanities; and this is happening today, at the turn of the 21st century, in a situation of a cultural turn, the emergence and intensive development of the science of culture. The current turn requires a deeper understanding of the structure and components of art history, i.e., its sub-disciplines: art history, art theory and art criticism.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The essay argues that in the situation of cultural turn the theory of art can carry out functions which the other two sub-disciplines cannot. It propounds that art theory is able to make a decisive contribution to the elucidation of two problems: the relationship between art and cultural studies and the problem of historical time, which is important both for contemporary art and for art history.</p>art history, subject of the theory of culture, humanitarian paradigm, depersonalization of the subject of art history, cultural anthropology, cultural determinism, popular culture, civilization, myth, folklore, languageмифологическое время, время у Платона, время у Аристотеля, теория искусства, история искусства, философия, миф, хронофагия, художественное время, сверхисторическое время, историческое время, время у Хайдеггера, Юнг, Зедльмайр, Гайденко, Лотман, символизм, архетип, вечность, настоящее время, коллективное бессознательное[1. Bakhtin M. (1975) Formy vremeni i khronotopa v romane: Ocherki po istoricheskoy poetike [Forms of Time and the Chronotope in the Novel. Essays on Historical Poetics]. Bakhtin M. Voprosy literatury i estetiki. Moscow, 1975. (In Russ.).][2. Bergson A. (1914) Tvorcheskaya evolyutsiya [Creative evolution]. Moscow; St. Petersburg, 1914. (In Russ.).][3. Gaydenko P. (2006) Vremya. Dlitelnost. Vechnost. Problema vremeni v evropeyskoy filosofii i nauke [Time. Duration Eternity. The problem of time in European philosophy and science]. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya, 2006. (In Russ.).][4. Kavelti D. (1996) Izucheniye literaturnykh formul [The study of literary formulas]. Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye, 1996, № 22. (In Russ.).][5. Kreber A. (2004) Izbrannoye: priroda kultury [Selected: nature of culture]. Moscow: Rosspen, 2004. 1008 p. (In Russ.).][6. Kutyrev V. (2016) Unesennye progressom. Eskhatologiya zhizni v tekhnogennom mire [Gone with the Progress. The Eschatology of Life in the Technogenic World]. St. Petersburg: Aleteyya, 2016. (In Russ.).][7. Likhachev D. (1971) Poetika drevnerusskoy literatury [Poetics of Old Russian Literature]. L.: Khudozhestvennaya literature, 1971. (In Russ.).][8. Lotman Yu. (1992) Kultura i vzryv [Culture and explosion]. Moscow, 1992. (In Russ.).][9. Ritm, prostranstvo i vremya v literature i iskusstve [Rhythm, space and time in literature and art]. L.: Nauka, 1974. (In Russ.).][10. White L. (1997) The Science of Culture. Anthology of Cultural Studies. Vol. 1 [The science of culture. Anthology of cultural studies. Vol. 1]. Interpretations of culture. St. Petersburg: University book, 1997. (In Russ.).][11. Fisher-Likhte E. (2015) Estetika performativnosti [Performance aesthetics]. Moscow: Kanon Plyus, 2015. 375 p. (In Russ.).][12. Khaksli O. (2003) Kontrapunkt. O divny novy mir. Obezyana i sushchnost [Counterpoint. Oh brave new world. Monkey and essence]. Rasskazy. Moscow: NF “Pushkinskaya biblioteka”. AST, 2003. 992 p. (In Russ.).][13. Khaydegger M. (1993) Vremya i bytiye [Time and being]: Statyi i vystupleniya. Moscow: Respublika, 1993. 447 p. (In Russ.).][14. Khrenov N.А. (2017) Istoriya obrazov posle istorii iskusstva: kulturologichesky aspect [The history of images after the history of art: cultural aspect]. Statya pervaya i vtoraya. Kultura kultury, 2017, № 3, 4. URL.: http://cult-cult.ru/arhiv-2014-31/; http://cult-cult.ru/archive-2017-4/ (data obrashcheniya: 23.02.2020). (In Russ.).][15. Khrenov N.A. (2017) Sredstva massovoy kommunikatsii v rakurse virtualnoy realnosti [Media in the perspective of virtual reality]. Mezhdunarodny zhurnal issledovany kultury, 2017, № 2. Pp. 27-44. (In Russ.).]