<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical nephrology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical nephrology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая нефрология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-3594</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9322</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">273880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/nephrology.2022.141-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chronic Kidney Disease: Non-invasive Diagnosis of Chronic Renal Failure by Monochrome Nanoparticle Analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хроническая болезнь почек: неинвазивная диагностика хронической почечной недостаточности методом монохромного анализа наночастиц</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>E. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чой</surname><given-names>Ен Джун</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor of MMU, oncologist, pediatrician, Chief Physician</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор ММУ, онколог, педиатр, главный врач</p></bio><email>drchoiworld@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of European and Oriental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр европейской и восточной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 14, NO1 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 14, №1 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-22"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2075-3594/article/view/273880">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2075-3594/article/view/273880</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of research in the development of methods for non-invasive laboratory diagnostics of chronic kidney disease and concomitant chronic renal failure is due to the high frequency of their occurrence, long-term asymptomatic course of the disease and the high cost of treatment for this category of patients: the cost of their treatment makes up a significant part of the national health budgets of developed countries with a comparatively small proportion of these patients from the total number of all patients. The aim of this work was to assess the capabilities of saliva spectroscopy by the method of monochrome analysis of nanoparticles to study the characteristic features of its subfractional composition in patients with chronic kidney disease with the development of chronic renal failure. to do this, it is necessary to solve a number of problems: to develop a diagnostic algorithm for monochrome analysis of nanoparticles to determine the severity and pathophysiological orientation of homeostatic changes in patients with various forms of chronic kidney disease using samples from oropharyngeal swabs. material and methods. studies were carried out at the center for European and oriental medicine from 2019 to 2021 (39 patients with verified diagnoses of chronic kidney disease were examined), during which it was found that the most typical saliva spectra of these patients were characterized by a multimodal distribution of nanoparticles saliva in size and contribution to light scattering on large particles larger than iooo nm, which was statistically significant (p &lt;0.001) when conducting a comparative analysis with saliva spectra of practically healthy individuals and patients with general somatic inflammatory kidney diseases without the development of chronic renal failure. the indicator of the diagnostic sensitivity of the method in relation to chronic kidney disease with chronic renal failure was 92%. Conclusions. the use of laser spectroscopy of saliva is scientifically substantiated for the non-invasive detection of chronic kidney diseases with the development of chronic renal failure, when, with a timely diagnosis, therapeutic measures will be most effective.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность исследований в области разработки методов неинвазивной лабораторной диагностики хронической болезни почек (ХБП) и сопутствующей ей хронической почечной недостаточности (хпн) обусловлена высокой частотой их встречаемости, длительным бессимптомным течением болезни и дороговизной лечения данной категории пациентов: расходы на их лечение составляют существенную часть национальных бюджетов здравоохранения развитых стран при сопоставимо небольшой доле этих пациентов от общего числа всех больных. Целью настоящей работы стала оценка возможностей спектроскопии слюны методом монохромного анализа наночастиц для изучения характерных особенностей ее субфракционного состава у больных ХБП с развитием хпн. Для этого необходимо решить ряд задач: разработать диагностический алгоритм монохромного анализа наночастиц для определения выраженности и патофизиологической направленности гомеостатических сдвигов у больных различными формами ХБП по образцам ротоглоточных смывов. Материал и методы. Исследования проводились в центре европейской и восточной медицины с 2019 по 2021 г. (были обследованы 39 пациентов с верифицированными диагнозами ХБП), в ходе проведения которых установлено, что наиболее типичные спектры слюны этих больных характеризовались многомодальностью распределения наночастиц слюны по размеру и вкладу в светорассеивание на крупных частицах размером более 1000 нм, что являлось статистически достоверным (р&lt;0,001) при проведении сравнительного анализа со спектрами слюны практически здоровых лиц и пациентов с общесоматическими заболеваниями почек воспалительного характера без развития хпн. Показатель диагностической чувствительности метода в отношении ХБП с хпн составил 92%. Выводы. Применение лазерной спектроскопии слюны научно обосновано для неинвазивного выявления хронических заболеваний почек с развитием хпн, когда со своевременно выставленным диагнозом лечебные мероприятия будут являться максимально эффективными.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>chronic renal failure</kwd><kwd>monochrome nanoparticle analysis</kwd><kwd>saliva</kwd><kwd>non-invasive diagnosis of chronic renal failure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>хроническая почечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>монохромный анализ наночастиц</kwd><kwd>слюна</kwd><kwd>неинвазивная диагностика хронической почечной недостаточности</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Q.L., Rothenbacher D. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in population-based studies: systematic review. BMC. Publ. Health. 2008;8: 110-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-117.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Levey A.S., Atkins R., Coresh J., et al. Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: approaches and initiatives - a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. Kidney Int. 2007;72(3):247-59. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002343.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Schieppati A., Remuzzi G. Chronic renal diseases as a public health problem: epidemiology, social, and economic implications. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2005;(98):S7-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09801.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Bommer J. Prevalence and socio-economic aspects of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2002;11:8-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/17.suppl_11.8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Go A.S., Chertow G.M., Fan D., et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004;(13):1296-305. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041031</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Berthoux F., Jones E., Gellert R., et al. Epidemiological data of treated end-stage renal failure in the European Union (EU) during the year 1995: report of the European Renal Association Registry and the National Registries. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1999;14(10):2332-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/14.10.2332</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Lopez-Novoa J.M., Rodriguez-Pena A.B., Ortiz A., et al. Etiopathology of chronic tubular, glomerular and renovascular nephropathies: clinical implications. J. Transl. Med. 2011(20);9:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-9-13</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Stengel B., Tarver-Carr M.E., Powe N.R., et al. Lifestyle factors, obesity and the risk of chronic kidney disease. Epidemiol. 2003;14(4):479-87. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EDE.0000071413.55296.c4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Vassalotti J.A., Li S., Chen S.C., Collins A.J. Screening populations at increased risk of CKD: the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and the public health problem. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2009;(53):S107-14. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.07.049</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Go A.S., Chertow G.M., Fan D., et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004;(13):1296-305. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041031</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Rule A.D., Larson T.S., Bergstralh E.J., et al. Using serum creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate: accuracy in good health and in chronic kidney disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 2004;141(12):929-37. https://doi.org/W.7320/0003-0019-141-12-200412010-00009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>McClellan W.M., Flanders W.D. Risk factors for progressive chronic kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003;14:S65-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.asn.0000070147.10399.9e</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>13. Ma Y.C., Zuo L., Chen J.H., et al. Modified glomerular filtration rate estimating equation for Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006;17(10):2937-44. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2006040368</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>14. Levey A.S., Stevens L.A., Schmid C.H., et al. CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann. Intern. Med. 2009;150(9):604-12. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>15. Levey A.S., Bosch J.P., Lewis J.B., et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann. Intern. Med. 1999; 130(6):461-70. https://doi.or7/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>16. Jha V., Garcia-Garcia G., Iseki K., et al. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. Lancet. 2013;382(9888):260- 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60687-X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Mandal A.K., Mount D.B. The molecular physiology of uric acid homeostasis. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 2015;77:323-45. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170343.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Stuveling E.M., Bakker S.J., Hillege H.L., et al. Biochemical risk markers: a novel area for better prediction of renal risk? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2005;20(3):497-508. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfh680</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Wyss M., Kaddurah-Daouk R. Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2000;80(3):1107-213. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Gulari E., Chu B., Gulari E., Tsunashima Y. Photon correlation spectroscopy of particle distributions. J. Chem. Phys. 1979;70:3965-72. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.437950</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Величко Е.Н., Непомнящая Э.К., Соколов А.В., Кудряшова Т.Ю. Лазерный корреляционный спектрометр для оценки размеров и динамики изменения размеров структур в биологических жидкостях. Оптика и спектроскопия. Журнал технической физики. 2020;129(7):950. https://doi.org/10.21883/OS.2020.07.49567.63-20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Stetefeld J., McKenna S.A., Patel T.R. Dynamic light scattering: a practical guide and applications in biomedical sciences. Biophys. Rev. 2016;8:409-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-016-0218-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Lebedev A.D., Ivanova M.A., Lomakin A.V., Noskin V.A. Heterodyne quasi elastic light-scattering instrument for biomedical diagnostics. Appl. Opt. 1997;36(30):7518-22. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.007518</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Ломакин А.В. Изучение внутренней динамики макромолекул методом лазерной корреляционной спектроскопии. УФН. Сов. физ. Усп. 1987;30:914-916. [Lomakin A.V. Study of the internal dynamics of macromolecules by the method of laser correlation spectroscopy Sov. Phys. Usp. 1987;30:914-916 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.3367/ UFNr.0153.198710j.0360</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Kotov O.I., Liokumovich L.B., Markov S.I., et al. Remote interferometer with polarizing beam splitting. Tech. Phys. Lett. 2000;26:415-17. https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1262863</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Максимова Е.А., Бурейко С.Ф., Левин С.Б., Державец Л.М. Метод двумерной корреляционной спектроскопии для улучшения аппроксимации одномерных спектров. Химическая физика. 2015.9;4:558-560. [Maksimova E.A., Bureiko S.F., Levin S.B., Derzhavets L.M. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2015.9;4:558-560. (In Russ)]]. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0207401X15080130</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Liokumovich L.B., Kostromitin A.O., Ushakov N.A., Kudryashov A.V. Method for Measuring Laser Frequency Noise. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 2020;86:1106-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-020-00947-x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Xu Renliang. Light scattering: A review of particle characterization applications. Particuology. 2014. 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2014.05.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Südhof T. The molecular machinery of neurotransmitter release (Nobel lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2014;53(47): 126-717. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201406359</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Mogridge J. Using light scattering to determine the stoichiometry of protein complexes. Methods Mol. Biol. 2004;261:113-8. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-762-9:113</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Gast K., Fiedler C. Dynamic and static light scattering of intrinsically disordered proteins. Methods Mol. Biol. 2012;896:137-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978l-4614-4604-3_9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Малек А.В., Самсонов Р.В., Кьези А. Перспективы разработки методов диагностики и мониторинга онкологических заболеваний на основе анализа экзосом, секретируемых опухолевыми клетками. Рос. биотерапевт. журн. 2015;14(4):9-18. https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2015-14-4-9-18</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Südhof T. The molecular machinery of neurotransmitter release (Nobel lecture). Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2014;53(47):126-717. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201406359</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Николаев А.И., Антонова И.Н., Донская О.С., Владимирова Л.Г. Алгоритм анализа ЛК-спектров для неинвазивной диагностики заболеваний по образцам ротоглоточного смыва. Мед. алфавит. 2909;4(35):23-_ [Nikolaev A.I., Antonova I.N., Donskaya O.S., Vladimirova L.G. LC-spectra analysis algorithmfor non-invasive diagnostics by oropharyngeal washout samples. Med. Alphab. 2019;4(35):23-7 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-4-35(410)-23-27</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Liokumovich L., Muravyov K., Skliarov P., Ushakov N. Signal detection algorithms for interferometric sensors with harmonic phase modulation: miscalibration of modulation parameters. Appl. Optics. 2018;57:7127-34. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.007127</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Stetefeld J., McKenna S.A., Patel T.R. Dynamic light scattering: a practical guide and applications in biomedical sciences. Biophys. Rev. 2016;8:409-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-016-0218-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Носкин В.А. Лазерная корреляционная спектроскопия квазиупругого рассеяния. Сов. физ. Усп. 1987;30(10):913. [Noskin V. A. Laser correlation spectroscopy of quasi elastic scattering. Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 1987;30(10):913]. https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1987v030n10ABEH002972</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Chayen N., Dieckmann M., Dierks K., Fromme P. Ann N.Y. Size and shape determination of proteins in solution by a noninvasive depolarized dynamic light scattering instrument. Acad. Sci. 2004;1027:20-7. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1324.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Nepomniashchaia E.K., Velichko E.N., Aksenov E.T. Inverse problem of laser correlation spectroscopy for analysis of polydisperse solutions of nanoparticles. J. Phys.: Conference Series. 2016;769:012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/769/1/012025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Xu R. Light scattering: A review of particle characterization applications. Particuol. 2015;18:11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2014.05.002</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
