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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical nephrology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical nephrology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая нефрология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-3594</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9322</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679287</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/nephrology.2025.1.76-85</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">HIF-prolylhydroxylase inhibitors: the future for anemia treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы фармакотерапии анемии с помощью ингибиторов HIF-пролилгидроксилазы у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-6982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchenkova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левченкова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Pharmacology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент кафедры фармакологии </p></bio><email>levchenkova-o@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-7993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Василий Егорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Pharmacology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой фармакологии </p></bio><email>novikov.farm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-7129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyova</surname><given-names>Viktoriya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>Виктория Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Pharmacy Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры фармации </p></bio><email>v.v.vorobeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Clinical Pharmacology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии </p></bio><email>Sergey.Kozlov@antibiotic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Smolensk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-08"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-08"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2075-3594/article/view/679287">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2075-3594/article/view/679287</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anemia is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is caused by deficiency of endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) and iron. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHI) represent a new class of drugs for the treatment of anemia in CKD. Along with iron preparations and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA), HIF-PHI are attempting to take their place in the correction of anemia to reduce hemotransfusion need in patients and have demonstrated as much efficacy as ESA. In contrast to the latter, HIF-PHI are oral drugs that increase endogenous EPO levels, reduce hepcidin level, and improve iron homeostasis. However, the ability of these drugs to increase the expression of a number of HIF-associated genes, not only EPO and proteins involved in iron metabolism, by stabilizing the transcription factor HIF, leads to nonselective action. The activation of angiogenesis associated with increased formation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which may stimulate tumor growth, increase the risk of metastasis, be associated with poor prognosis, drug resistance in various types of malignancies, as well as affect the progression of polycystic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy is of particular concern. In addition, an increased risk of thrombosis, hyperkalemia, thyroid disorders, etc. is noted. All this dictates the necessity to analyze the benefit-risk ratio when choosing HIF-PHI as antianemic agents and long-term clinical trials of this group of drugs to assess their real safety.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анемия является частым осложнением хронической болезни почек (ХБП) и вызвана дефицитом эндогенного эритропоэтина (EPO) и железа. Ингибиторы пролилгидроксилазы фактора, индуцируемого гипоксией (HIF), представляют собой новый класс препаратов для лечения анемии при ХБП. Наряду с препаратами железа и эритропоэз-стимулирующими препаратами (ЭСП) ингибиторы HIF-пролилгидроксилазы (HIF-PHI) могут занять свое место в коррекции анемии для снижения потребности в гемотрансфузии у пациентов и демонстрируют не меньшую, чем ЭСП, эффективность. В отличие от последних HIF-PHI являются пероральными препаратами, повышающими уровень эндогенного EPO, снижающими уровень гепсидина и улучшающими гомеостаз железа. Однако способность препаратов этой группы за счет стабилизации транскрипционного фактора HIF увеличивать экспрессию целого ряда HIF-ассоциированных генов, не только EPO и белков, участвующих в обмене железа, приводит к неизбирательности их действия. Особое опасение вызывает активация ангиогенеза, связанная с усилением образования фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF), что может стимулировать рост опухоли, повышать риск метастазов, быть связано с плохим прогнозом, лекарственной устойчивостью при различных видах злокачественных новообразований, а также влиять на прогрессирование поликистозной болезни почек и диабетической ретинопатии. Кроме того, отмечается повышенный риск тромбообразования, гиперкалиемии, нарушений функции щитовидной железы и др. Все это диктует необходимость проведения анализа соотношения польза-риск при выборе HIF-PHI в качестве противоанемических средств и долгосрочных клинических исследований препаратов этой группы для оценки их безопасности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal anemia</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>erythropoiesis-stimulating agents</kwd><kwd>hypoxia-inducible factor</kwd><kwd>HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефрогенная анемия</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>эритропоэз-стимулирующие препараты</kwd><kwd>гипоксией индуцированный фактор</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы HIF-пролилгидроксилазы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Semenza G.L. Regulation of Erythropoiesis by the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Pathway: Effects of Genetic and Pharmacological Perturbations. Annu. Rev. Med. 2023;74:307–19. 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