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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical nephrology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical nephrology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая нефрология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-3594</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9322</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">680039</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/nephrology.2024.4.73-79</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">History of the anatomy of the urinary system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>История анатомии мочевыделительной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subotialov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суботялов</surname><given-names>Михаил Альбертович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Life Safety, Associate Professor, Department of Fundamental Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры анатомии, физиологии и безопасности жизнедеятельности, доцент кафедры фундаментальной медицины</p></bio><email>ubotyalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subotialova</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суботялова</surname><given-names>Анна Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master's Student, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Life Safety</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант кафедры анатомии, физиологии и безопасности жизнедеятельности</p></bio><email>anyuta108@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk National Research State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2075-3594/article/view/680039">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2075-3594/article/view/680039</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the background, formation and development of ideas about the anatomy of the urinary system. The purpose of this review is to analyze the main ideas about the anatomy of the urinary system (US), starting from the Ancient World era and ending with the studies of the Modern period. In preparing the text of this publication, articles in publications included in the RSCI, PubMed were used. The depth of the search for publications was 20 years. The results on the process of formation and development of ideas about the anatomy of the US are presented, the contribution of both domestic and foreign scientists and doctors to the development of this area is shown.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлены предпосылки, становление и развитие представлений об анатомии мочевыделительной системы. Целью настоящего обзора является анализ основных представлений об анатомии мочевыделительной системы (МВС), начиная с эпохи Древнего мира и заканчивая исследованиями периода Новейшего времени. При подготовке текста данной публикации использовались статьи в изданиях, включенных в РИНЦ, PubMed. Глубина поиска публикаций составила 20 лет. Представлены результаты процесса становления и развития представлений об анатомии МВС, показан вклад как отечественных, так и зарубежных ученых и врачей в развитие данной области.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of medicine</kwd><kwd>history of science</kwd><kwd>history of anatomy</kwd><kwd>urinary system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история медицины</kwd><kwd>история науки</kwd><kwd>история анатомии</kwd><kwd>мочевыделительная система</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Литовка И.И. Медицина Древнего Египта и Месопотамии: опыт сравнения. Философия науки. 2010;(44):133–47. [Litovka I.I. Medicine in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia: a trial to compare them. 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