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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical nephrology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical nephrology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая нефрология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-3594</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9322</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">704028</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/nephrology.2026.1.23-31</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular and genetic predictors of urolithiasis: development of a diagnostic panel</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-генетические предикторы мочекаменной болезни: разработка диагностической панели</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-7153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Cергей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Physician, St. Luke’s Clinical Hospital, Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Professor of the Department of Surgery, St. Petersburg Medical and Social Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный врач, СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки»; профессор кафедры хирургии ЧОУВО «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт»</p></bio><email>lucaclinic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-0243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseynov</surname><given-names>Ruslan G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусейнов</surname><given-names>Руслан Гусейнович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Deputy Chief Physician for Scientific Activities at St. Luke’s Clinical Hospital in Saint Petersburg; Senior Lecturer at the Department of Surgery, St. Petersburg Medical and Social Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заместитель главного врача по научной деятельности СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки»; старший преподаватель кафедры хирургии ЧОУВО «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт»</p></bio><email>rusfa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-5033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivak</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивак</surname><given-names>Константин Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, a leading researcher at the Scientific Department of St. Luke’s Clinical Hospital in St. Petersburg; Head of Department Department of Preclinical Research, Federal State Budgetary Institution A.A. Smorodintsev Influenza Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник научного отдела СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки»; зав. отделом доклинических исследований, ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава РФ</p></bio><email>kvsivak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-7139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васин</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Researcher at the Scientific Department of St. Luke’s Clinical Hospital in Saint Petersburg; Professor at the A.A. Smorodintsev Federal State Budgetary Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., научный сотрудник научного отдела СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки»; профессор ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава РФ</p></bio><email>vasin_av@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6436-3860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beshtoev</surname><given-names>Ahmed Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бештоев</surname><given-names>Ахмед Хатауович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>akhmed.beshtoev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-6182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyshev</surname><given-names>Egor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышев</surname><given-names>Егор Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>malyshevyegor@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2267-7285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitmetov</surname><given-names>Abdulaziz L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитметов</surname><given-names>Абдулазиз Лутфуллоевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>hugh97@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6755-6867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aybazov</surname><given-names>Azamat S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айбазов</surname><given-names>Азамат Солтан-Хамитович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>aaibazov20@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1834-4982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lelyavina</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лелявина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medicine, Professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology of the V.A. Almazov Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; senior Researcher at the Scientific Department of St. Petersburg State Medical Institution St. Luke’s Clinical Hospital</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры патологической физиологии ИМО ФГБУ «НМИЦ им В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава РФ; ведущий научный сотрудник научного отдела СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки»</p></bio><email>tatianalelyavina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital of St. Luke</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Medical and Social Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЧОУВО «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИОММ ФГБУ «НМИЦ им В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2075-3594/article/view/704028">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2075-3594/article/view/704028</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>А</bold><bold>im</bold> of the study was to develop a molecular genetic biomarkers panel to identify correlations between gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> Modern molecular biological methods were used: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using various DNA polymerases, CRISPR-Cas technology (using various Cas nucleases (SpCas9, CcCas9, CoCas9, PpCas9) to detect genetic polymorphisms), RNA synthesis methods, restriction analysis, electrophoretic methods, and spectrophotometric analysis.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Study confirmed potential of using CRISPR-Cas technology for detecting genetic polymorphisms associated with risk of urolithiasis. Most significant results obtained when working with VDR and TRPV5 gene polymorphisms, demonstrating the specific detection feasibility of mutant variants using CcCas9, CoCas9, and PpCas9-based systems. Study identified certain limitations of the method when working with CALCR and RGS14 polymorphisms, indicating the need for further optimization of experimental conditions and the selection of more effective systems for specific targets. Hractical significance of the study lies in the potential application of the develo<bold>ped approaches to creating a diagnostic panel of genetic markers for urolithiasis.</bold></p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>This study laid the foundation for the creation an effective diagnostic platform capable of making a significant contribution to the development of personalized medicine in the field of urolithiasis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования: </bold>разработка панели молекулярно-генетических биомаркеров для выявления корреляции полиморфизма генов с наличием мочекаменной болезни (МКБ) у пациентов с подтвержденным диагнозом.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>В рамках исследования были применены современные молекулярно-биологические методы для изучения генетических маркеров МКБ: полимеразная цепная реакция с применением различных ДНК-полимераз, CRISPR-Cas технология: использование различных Cas-нуклеаз (SpCas9, CcCas9, CoCas9, PpCas9) для детекции генетических полиморфизмов, методы синтеза РНК, рестрикционный анализ, электрофоретические методы, спектрофотометрический анализ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Исследование подтвердило перспективность использования CRISPR-Cas технологий для детекции генетических полиморфизмов, связанных с риском развития МКБ. Наиболее значимые результаты были получены при работе с полиморфизмами генов VDR и TRPV5, была продемонстрирована возможность специфической детекции мутантных вариантов с помощью систем на основе CcCas9, CoCas9 и PpCas9.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chemical composition</kwd><kwd>urolithiasis</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>genetic marker</kwd><kwd>CRISPRCas</kwd><kwd>Cas nuclease</kwd><kwd>Cas9</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>химический состав</kwd><kwd>мочекаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>генетический маркер</kwd><kwd>CRISPRCas</kwd><kwd>Cas-нуклеаза</kwd><kwd>Cas9</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Голованов С.А., Просянников М.Ю., Каприн А.Д. и др. Метаболические факторы риска и формирование мочевых камней. Исследование V: Избыточный вес и ожирение как метаболические факторы литогенеза. 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