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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ice and Snow</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ice and Snow</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лед и снег</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2076-6734</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-3765</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">659364</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2076673423020035</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RTIBJT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Sea, river and lake ices</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Морские, речные и озёрные льды</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ice and Snow on Lake Stemmevatnet, Spitsbergen, in Winter 2019/20</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лёд и снег озера Стемме (о. Западный Шпицберген) зимой 2019/20 г.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogorodskiy</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богородский</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filchuk</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фильчук</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorova</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорова</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромашова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Movchan</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мовчан</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kustov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кустов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisik</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисик</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaustov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаустов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bogorodski@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Арктический и антарктический НИИ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University Centre in Svalbard</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетский центр на Шпицбергене</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Zubov Oceanographic Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный океанографический институт им. Н.Н. Зубова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Hydrometeorological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гидрометеорологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>441</fpage><lpage>453</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, П.В. Богородский, А.Л. Борисик, В.Ю. Кустов, А.В. Марченко, В.В. Мовчан, А.Л. Новиков, К.В. Ромашова, И.В. Рыжов, О.Р. Сидорова, К.В. Фильчук, В.А. Хаустов</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, П.В. Богородский, А.Л. Борисик, В.Ю. Кустов, А.В. Марченко, В.В. Мовчан, А.Л. Новиков, К.В. Ромашова, И.В. Рыжов, О.Р. Сидорова, К.В. Фильчук, В.А. Хаустов</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">П.В. Богородский, А.Л. Борисик, В.Ю. Кустов, А.В. Марченко, В.В. Мовчан, А.Л. Новиков, К.В. Ромашова, И.В. Рыжов, О.Р. Сидорова, К.В. Фильчук, В.А. Хаустов</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">П.В. Богородский, А.Л. Борисик, В.Ю. Кустов, А.В. Марченко, В.В. Мовчан, А.Л. Новиков, К.В. Ромашова, И.В. Рыжов, О.Р. Сидорова, К.В. Фильчук, В.А. Хаустов</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2076-6734/article/view/659364">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2076-6734/article/view/659364</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324579392">Received January 19, 2023 ;revised March 22, 2023; accepted June 27, 2023</p><p id="idm45181324583392">The results of observations and modeling of the formation of the snow-ice cover of Lake Stemme (West Svalbard Island) in winter 2019/20 are presented. The main information was obtained by two radar (GPR) survey, performed on the floating ice of the Lake on March 12 and April 22 of 2020. Authors believe that probably these observations were the first ones on the Lake. The use of the radar made it possible to obtain data on the dynamics of the thickness of the layers of snow and ice cover, the so-called “snow ice” which is formed when the boundary between snow and ice was submerged under water. During the time between records, the thickness of the last “snow ice” increased two to three times, i.e., from units to the first tens of cm, and it spread to the entire deep-water part of the Lake area. In addition, analysis of high-precision positioning of the radar records revealed a significant deflection in the ice surface in the central part of the Lake under the influence of snow load and the decreasing level of the reservoir. The calculations of the thermodynamics of the floating ice cover have shown that its thickening occurs as a result of the processes of congelation and isostatic ice formation, replacing each other at its lower and upper boundaries, respectively. At the same time, the formation of “snow ice” violates the characteristic feature of decreasing of ice thickness with growth of the snow thickness, which significantly influences on the thermal and mass balance of the Lake snow-ice cover. Results of calculations of the ice cover deformation did show that it takes place not only due to the elastic, but also to the viscous properties of ice, and it is concentrated in a narrow coastal zone. The maximum radial stress is reached at a distance of several meters from the shore, where a circular crack parallel to the shoreline is formed. Such a crack is formed at all ice thicknesses at about the same distance from the shore.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324582320">Представлены и проанализированы результаты комплексных наблюдений снежно-ледяного покрова оз. Стемме (о. Западный Шпицберген) зимой 2019/20 г. Полевые данные дополнены результатами моделирования, описывающими особенности его нарастания и деформации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Svalbard</kwd><kwd>lake</kwd><kwd>ice cover</kwd><kwd>measurements</kwd><kwd>radar survey</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Шпицберген</kwd><kwd>озеро</kwd><kwd>снежно-ледяной покров</kwd><kwd>измерения</kwd><kwd>радиолокация</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buldovich S.N. Influence of water covers on the temperature regime of the rock surface. Osnovy geokriologii. Fundamentals of geocryology. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 2001: 75–85 [In Russian].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Булдович С.Н. Влияние водных покровов на температурный режим поверхности пород / В кн.: Основы геокриологии. Ч. 4 / Под ред. Э.Д. Ершова. М.: Изд. МГУ, 2001. 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