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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ice and Snow</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ice and Snow</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лед и снег</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2076-6734</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-3765</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688394</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2076673425020029</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FPVKCY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Glaciers and ice sheets</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ледники и ледниковые покровы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On the possible influence of the Kolka Glacier bed on its dynamic instability</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>О возможном влиянии ложа ледника Колка на его динамическую нестабильность</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chernov@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muraviev</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьев</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chernov@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт географии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>210</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-28"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-28"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Chernov R.A., Muraviev A.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Чернов Р.А., Муравьев А.Я.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernov R.A., Muraviev A.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чернов Р.А., Муравьев А.Я.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2076-6734/article/view/688394">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2076-6734/article/view/688394</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>After the Karmadon catastrophe of 2002, the viewpoint was discussed that the important factors triggered the Kolka Glacier collapse were post-volcanic processes beneath the glacier and the accumulation of significant volumes of water in the glacier body. Both factors are directly related to the conditions on the glacier bed. The hypothesis of a possible change in the conditions of the Kolka Glacier sliding along the bed, leading to dynamic instability, was proposed earlier in the results of studies of its movement in 1969–1972. Field studies in the Kolka Glacier cirque in September 2024 revealed several thermokarst funnels in which ice is exposed. In the thermokarst funnel located near the glacier front, the visible ice thickness exceeds 20 m. The location of the thermokarst funnels and the surface character in the glacier foreland indicate the presence of an extensive layer of dead ice appears to extend just in front of the glacier and served as the sliding plane along which the glacier left the bed in 2002 In the last 6 years, a significant advance of glacier terminus (up to 70 m per year) has been noted, the revived glacier moves over a layer of dead ice and its speeds are close to the critical values on the eve of the 1969 movement. It is possible that the water in the glacier body will influence its dynamic instability in the future, since the meltwater runoff from the cirque is of a subglacial nature. The accumulation of water in the glacier body can be facilitated by deformation of the ice mass at the bed and obstruction of drainage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>По данным дистанционных методов исследований отмечены высокие темпы продвижения фронта ледника Колка – около 380 м за 2018–2024 гг. В результате полевых работ 2024 г. в предполье ледника Колка выявлено несколько термокарстовых воронок, указывающих на наличие пласта льда толщиной до 20 м. Предположительно, фронт ледника надвинулся на массив мёртвых льдов, который сохранился после схода ледника в 2002 г., и продвигается по нему.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Caucasus</kwd><kwd>glacier front</kwd><kwd>thermokarst processes</kwd><kwd>dead ice</kwd><kwd>sliding plane</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Кавказ</kwd><kwd>фронт ледника</kwd><kwd>термокарстовые процессы</kwd><kwd>мертвые льды</kwd><kwd>плоскость скольжения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences FMWS-2024-0004. The authors express their gratitude to the leading engineer-geologist T.V. Vshivtseva (Gersevanov Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures) for her participation in field work in the cirque of Kolka Glacier.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института географии РАН № FMWS-2024-0004. Авторы выражают благодарность ведущему инженеру-геологу (НИИОСП им. Н.М. Герсеванова) Т.В. Вшивцевой за участие в полевых работах в цирке ледника Колка.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aristov K.A., Petrakov D.A., Kovalenko N.V., Timonin S.A., Kolchin A.A., Drobyshev V.N. Monitoring of Kolka Glacier in 2014–2017 by terrestrial stereophotogrammetry. Led i Sneg. 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