<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник восстановительной медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2078-1962</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2625</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">623915</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38025/2078-1962-2023-22-3-90-101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rehabilitation of Adult Patients with Pulmonological Manifestations of Long COVID: a Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реабилитация взрослых пациентов с пульмонологическими проявлениями постковидного синдрома: обзорная статья</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-2860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishechkina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришечкина</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Physical Factors</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел изучения механизмов действия физических факторов</p></bio><email>grishechkinaia@nmicrk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-6149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ansokova</surname><given-names>Marianna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ансокова</surname><given-names>Марьяна Аркадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Somatic Rehabilitation, Reproductive Health and Active Longevity</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, отдел соматической реабилитации репродуктивного здоровья и активного долголетия</p></bio><email>grishechkinaia@nmicrk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-124X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenkova</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченкова</surname><given-names>Лариса Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher, Head of the Department of Somatic Rehabilitation, Reproductive Health and Active Longevity</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующая отделом соматической реабилитации, репродуктивного здоровья и активного долголетия</p></bio><email>grishechkinaia@nmicrk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-5521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Science and Educational Activities</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе и образовательной деятельности</p></bio><email>grishechkinaia@nmicrk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-8889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fesyun</surname><given-names>Anatoliy D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фесюн</surname><given-names>Анатолий Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Acting Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, исполняющий обязанности директора</p></bio><email>grishechkinaia@nmicrk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Grishechkina I.A., Ansokova M.A., Marchenkova L.A., Yurova O.V., Fesyun A.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Гришечкина И.А., Ансокова М.А., Марченкова Л.А., Юрова О.В., Фесюн А.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishechkina I.A., Ansokova M.A., Marchenkova L.A., Yurova O.V., Fesyun A.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гришечкина И.А., Ансокова М.А., Марченкова Л.А., Юрова О.В., Фесюн А.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/623915">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/623915</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>INTRODUCTION</bold><bold>. </bold>The most common symptoms in patients who have had a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are associated with pulmonary lesions (shortness of breath, chest pain, cough) and the same complaints persist in the majority of those suffering from long COVID the occurrence and prevalence of which in the population is inextricably linked with the number recovered from COVID-19.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>.</bold> To study the current state of the problem of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with pulmonological manifestations of long COVID at the stage of a specialized rehabilitation hospital in order to formulate basic practical recommendations for the management of this category of patients.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS</bold><bold> </bold><bold>AND</bold><bold> </bold><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>. </bold>During the period from January 1, 2021 to December 1, 2022, we performed a systematic search of the MEDLINE, Cyberleninka, and eLIBRARY.RU databases on the topic of pulmonary manifestations of long COVID and methods of their rehabilitation in adult patients that gave 678 matches. After further filtering steps according to the methodology outlined in the PRIZMA guidelines, we selected 60 publications for the final analysis.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>. </bold>Pulmonary manifestations of long COVID, including, first of all, shortness of breath, rank second after fatigue in terms of frequency of occurrence in long COVID. Diagnostic findings include radiologic pulmonary tissue changes recorded in a proportion of patients under one year, restrictive abnormalities on spirometry, and impaired pulmonary diffusion capacity. Many patients who have had COVID-19 recover quite quickly, but some of them have a long-term symptom complex of dyspnea and physical fatigue, for which rehabilitation in a specialized centers is indicated.</p> <p>The most effective treatment is possible with the involvement of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team in the rehabilitation process and the appointment of rehabilitation programs created in accordance with the conceptual basis of respiratory rehabilitation, including, first of all, a wide range of methods of therapeutic physical culture.</p> <p>The most effective treatment is possible by involving a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team in the rehabilitation process and prescribing rehabilitation programs designed in accordance with the conceptual framework of respiratory rehabilitation, including, above all, a wide range of therapeutic physical education techniques.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>. </bold>Current knowledge of the clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation measures in long COVID is constantly reassessed and expanded. This literature review gives an analysis of research papers focused on the treatment and rehabilitation of pulmonary manifestations in adults, combining the etiopathogenetic and syndromic approaches characteristic of the “classical Russian therapeutic” and, closest to it, the “German” schools. The information extracted both from documents published by World Health Organization (WHO) and from local Russian and European clinical guidelines will allow a specialist engaged in the rehabilitation of adults with pulmonary manifestations of long COVID to create an effective and personalized individual rehabilitation plan for each patient.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. </bold>Наиболее частые симптомы у пациентов, перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию (COVID-19), связаны с легочным поражением (одышка, боли в груди, кашель), и эти же жалобы сохраняются у большинства страдающих постковидным синдромом, возникновение и распространенность которого в популяции неразрывно связаны с числом переболевших COVID-19.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ.</bold> Изучить актуальное состояние проблемы диагностики, лечения и реабилитации пациентов с пульмонологическими проявлениями постковидного синдрома на этапе специализированного реабилитационного стационара с целью формулировки основных практических рекомендаций по ведению данной категории больных.</p> <p><bold>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. </bold>За период с 1 января 2021 г. по 1 декабря 2022 г. нами был проведен систематический поиск исследований в базах данных MEDLINE, Cyberleninka и eLIBRARY.RU на тему легочных проявлений постковидного синдрома и методов их реабилитации у взрослых пациентов, который дал 678 совпадений. После проведения последующих ступеней фильтрации в соответствии методологией, изложенной в руководстве PRISMA, для окончательного анализа нами было отобрано 60 публикаций.</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. </bold>Пульмонологические проявления постковидного синдрома, включающие в себя, прежде всего, одышку, занимают второе место после утомляемости по частоте встречаемости при постковидном синдроме. Диагностические находки включают рентгенологические изменения легочной ткани, регистрирующиеся у части пациентов до одного года, рестриктивные нарушения при спирометрическом исследовании и нарушение диффузионной способности легких. Многие пациенты, перенесшие СOVID-19, восстанавливаются достаточно быстро, но у части из них сохраняется в течение длительного периода времени симптомокомплекс одышки и физической усталости, при которой показана реабилитация в условиях специализированного реабилитационного центра. Наиболее эффективное лечение возможно при привлечении к реабилитационному процессу мультидисциплинарной реабилитационной команды и назначении реабилитационных программ, созданных в соответствии с концептуальной основой респираторной реабилитации, включающих, прежде всего, широкий круг методик лечебной физической культуры.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ.</bold> Современные знания о клинической картине, диагностике, лечении и реабилитационных мероприятиях при различных проявлениях постковидного синдрома постоянно переоцениваются и расширяются. В настоящем обзоре литературы представлен сфокусированный на лечении и реабилитации легочных проявлений у взрослых анализ исследовательских работ, объединяющий этиопатогенетический и синдромальный подход, характерный для «классической русской терапевтической» и, наиболее близкой к ней, «немецкой» школ. Информация, извлеченная как из документов, опубликованных ВОЗ, так и из локальных российских и европейских клинических рекомендаций, позволит специалисту, занятому реабилитацией взрослых с легочными проявлениями постковидного синдрома, создать эффективный и персонализированный индивидуальный план реабилитации для каждого пациента.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>long COVID</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>cough</kwd><kwd>lung</kwd><kwd>dyspnea</kwd><kwd>fatigue</kwd><kwd>adult</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>кашель</kwd><kwd>легкие</kwd><kwd>одышка</kwd><kwd>усталость</kwd><kwd>взрослые</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cheng V.C., Lau S.K., Woo P.C., Yuen K.Y. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2007; (20): 660–694. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00023-07</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Rezaei N. Coronavirus Disease-COVID-19. E-book. Switzerland. Springer. 2019: 964 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>McAlister F.A., Dong Y., Chu A. et al. The risk of death or unplanned readmission after discharge from a COVID-19 hospitalization in Alberta and Ontario. CMAJ. 2022; 194(19): E666–E673. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.220272</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Barker-Davies R.M., Sulloran O., Seneratne K.P.P. et al. The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020; 54(16): 949–959. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102596</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Kikkenborg Berg S., Palm P., Nygaard U. et al. Long COVID symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-positive children aged 0–14 years and matched controls in Denmark (LongCOVIDKidsDK): a national, cross-sectional study. The Lancet Child &amp; Adolescent Health. 2022; 6(9): 614–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00154-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Koszulla A.R., Ankermann T., Behrends U. et al. S1-Leitlinie Post-COVID/Long-COVID. S1 Guideline Post-COVID/Long-COVID. Pneumologie. 2021; (75): 869–900. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1551-9734</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>WHO: Clinical case definition post-COVID-19 by Delphi consensus. 06.10.2021. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/345824/WHO-2019-nCoVPost-COVID-19-condition-Clinical-case-definition-2021.1-rus.pdf (accessed 29.05.2022). (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Yang T., Yan M.Z., Li X. et al. Sequelae of COVID-19 among previously hospitalized patients up to 1 year after discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection. 2022; (50): 1067–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-022-01862-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Subramanian A., Nirantharakumar K., Hughes S. et al. Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults. Nature Medicine. 2022; (28): 1706–1714. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01909-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Hossain M.A., Hossain K.M.A., Saunders K. et al. Prevalence of Long COVID symptoms in Bangladesh: a prospective Inception Cohort Study of COVID-19 survivors. BMJ Global Health. 2021; 6(12): e006838. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006838</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Lorent N., WeygaerdeV.Y., Claeys E. et al. Prospective longitudinal evaluation of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors 3 and 12 months after discharge. ERJ Open Research. 2022; 8(2): 00004-2022. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00004-2022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Bek L.M., Berentschot J.C., Heijenbrok-Kal M.H. et al. Symptoms persisting after hospitalization for COVID-19: 12 months’ interim results of the CO-FLOW study. ERJ Open Research. 2022; 8(4): 00355-2022. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00355-2022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Eberst G., Claudé F., Laurent L. et al. Result of one-year, prospective follow-up of intensive care unit survivors after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Annals of Intensive Care. 2022; (12): 23 p. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-00997-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Bolattürk Ö.F., Soylu A.C. Evaluation of cognitive, mental, and sleep patterns of post-acute COVID-19 patients and their correlation with thorax CT. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2022; (123): 1089–1093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-022-02001-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Plekhanova T., Rowlands A.V., Evans R.A. et al. Device assessed sleep and physical activity in individuals recovering from a hospital admission for COVID-19: a multicentre study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2022; (19): 94 p. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01333-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Emecen A.N., Keskin S., Turunc O. et al. The presence of symptoms within 6 months after COVID-19: a single-center longitudinal study. Irish Journal of Medical Science. 2023; 192(2): 741–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-022-03072-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Battistella L.R., Imamura M., De Pretto L.R. et al. Long-term functioning status of COVID-19 survivors: a prospective observational evaluation of a cohort of patients surviving hospitalization. BMJ Open. 2022; 12(7): e057246. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057246</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Sahanic S., Tymoszuk P., Ausserhofer D. et al. Phenotyping of Acute and Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Features in the Outpatient Setting: Exploratory Analysis of an International Cross-sectional Online Survey. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2022; 75(1): e418–e431. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab978</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Taniguchi L.U., Avelino-Silva Th.J., Dias, M.B. et al. Patient-Centered Outcomes Following COVID-19: Frailty and Disability Transitions in Critical Care Survivors. Critical Care Medicine. 2022; 50(6): 955–963. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005488</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Sirayder U., Inal-Ince D.; Kepenek-Varol B. et al. Long-Term Characteristics of Severe COVID-19: Respiratory Function, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; (19): 6304 p. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106304</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C., Palacios-Ceña D., Gómez Mayordomo V. et al. Fatigue and Dyspnea as Main Persistent Post-COVID-19 Symptoms in Previously Hospitalized Patients: Related Functional Limitations and Disability. Respiration. 2022; 101(2): 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1159/000518854</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Bocchino M., Lieto R., Romano F. et al. Chest CT-based Assessment of 1-year Outcomes after Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology. 2022; 305(2): 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.220019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Montani D., Savale L., Noel N. et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. European Respiratory Review. 2022; 31(163): 210185. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0185-2021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Harvey-Dunstan T.C., Jenkins A.R., Gupta A. et al. Patient-related outcomes in patients referred to a respiratory clinic with persisting symptoms following non-hospitalised COVID-19. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2022; (19): 14799731211069391. https://doi.org/10.1177/14799731211069391</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Almas T., Malik J., Alsubai A.K. et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and its prolonged effects: An updated systematic review. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2022; (80): 103995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103995</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Klok F.A., Boon G.J.A.M., Barco S. et al. The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale: a tool to measure functional status over time after COVID-19. European Respiratory Journal. 2020; 56(1): 2001494. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01494-2020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Stavem K., Chanima W., Olsen M.K. et al. Prevalence and Determinants of Fatigue after COVID-19 in Non-Hospitalized Subjects: A Population-Based Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 2030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042030</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Matta J., Wiernik E., Robineau O. et al. Association of Self-reported COVID-19 Infection and SARS-CoV-2 Serology Test Results with Persistent Physical Symptoms Among French Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2022; 182(1): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6454</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Unger E.R., Lin J.S., Brimmer D.J. et al. CDC Grand Rounds: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Advancing Research and Clinical Education. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2016; 65(50–51): 1434–1438. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm655051a4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Merad M., Blish C.A., Sallusto F., Iwasaki A. The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19. Science. 2022; 375(6585): 1122–1127. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm8108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Huang C., Huang L., Wang Y. et al. Retracted: 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. The Lancet. 2021; 397(10270): 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Yong S.J. Persistent Brainstem Dysfunction in Long-COVID: A Hypothesis. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2021; 12(4): 573–580. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00793</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Motiejunaite J., Balagny P., Arnoult F. et al. Hyperventilation as one of the mechanisms of persistent dyspnea in SARS-CoV-2 survivors. European Respiratory Journal. 2021; 58(2): 2101578. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01578-2021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Skjørten I., Ankerstjerne O.A.W., Trebinjac D. et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and limitations 3 months after COVID-19 hospitalization. European Respiratory Journal. 2021; 58(2): 2100996. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00996-2021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Kardos P., Dinh Q.T., Fuchs K.H. et al. Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin zur Diagnostik und Therapie von erwachsenen Patienten mit Husten [Guidelines of the German Respiratory Society for Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults Suffering from Acute, Subacute and Chronic Cough]. Pneumologie. 2019; 73(3): 143–180. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0808-7409 (In Ger.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Чучалин А.Г., Абросимов В.Н., Авдеев С.Н. Пульмонология: Национальное руководство. М.: ГЕОТАР-Медиа, 2020: 800 с. [Chuchalin A.G., Abrosimov V.N., Avdeev S.N. Pulmonology: National Guide. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2020: 800 p. (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Временные методические рекомендации. Медицинская реабилитация при новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. Версия 3. (01.11.2022). Доступно на: https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/061/202/original/%D0%92%D0%9A%D0%A0_%D0%9C%D0%A0_COVID_19__%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_07112022_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA.pdf?1669800267 (дата обращения 01.12.2022) [Temporary guidelines. Medical rehabilitation for a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Version 3. (01.11.2022). Available at: https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/061/202/original/%D0%92%D0%9A%D0%A0_%D0%9C%D0%A0_COVID_19__%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_07112022_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA.pdf?1669800267 (assessed 01.12.2022) (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Гусев Е.И., Коновалов А.Н., Скворцова В.И., Гехт А.Б. Неврология: национальное руководство. М.: ГЕОТАР-Медиа, 2021: 880 с. [Gusev E.I., Konovalov A.N., Skvorcova V.I., Gekht A.B. Neurology: a nationalguide. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2021: 880 p. (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Вейн А.М., Голубев В.Л. Вегетативные расстройства: клиника, диагностика, лечение. МИА. 2010: 640 с. [Vejn A.M., Golubev V.L. Vegetative disorders: clinic, diagnosis, treatment. MIA. 2010: 640 p. (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Platz T., Berghem S., Berlit P. et al. S2k-Leitlinie SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 und (Früh-) Rehabilitation — eine Kurzfassungmitallen Empfehlungen im Überblick. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2022: 10 p. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1844-9984 (In Ger.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Bazdyrev E., Panova M., Brachs M. et al. Efficacy and safety of Treamid in the rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19 pneumonia: a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2022; (20): 506. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03660-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Ceban F., Leber A., Jawad M.Y. et al. Registered clinical trials investigating treatment of long COVID: a scoping review and recommendations for research. Infectious Diseases. 2022; 54(7): 467–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2022.2043560</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Lobanov A.A., Grishechkina I.A., Fesyun A.D. et al. Investigation of the Effectiveness and Safety of a Rehabilitation Program for Patients with Long-COVID-19 Syndrome Using Aquatic Training. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022; 21(3): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2022-21-3-45-57</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Spielmanns M., Pekacka-Egli A.M., Schoendorf S. et al. Effects of a Comprehensive Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Severe Post-COVID-19 Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(5): 2695. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052695</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Daynes E., Gerlis C., Chaplin E. et al. Early experiences of rehabilitation for individuals post-COVID to improve fatigue, breathlessness exercise capacity and cognition - A cohort study. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2021; (18): 14799731211015691. https://doi.org/10.1177/14799731211015691</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Meléndez-Oliva E., Martínez-Pozas O., Cuenca-Zaldívar J.N. et al. Efficacy of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines. 2023; 11 (8): 2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082213</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Lobanov A.A., Grishechkina I.A., Andronov S.V. et al. Can aquatic exercises contribute to the improvement of the gait stereotype function in patients with Long COVID outcomes? European Journal of Translational Myology. 2022; 32(3): 10698. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10698</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Grishechkina I.A., Lobanov A.A., Andronov S.V., et al. Rehabilitation Programs Effectiveness Model: a Retrospective Comparative Study of Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022; 21(5): 20–26. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2022-21-5-20-26 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Драпкина О.М., Бубнова М.Г. Реабилитация больных с COVID-19 с кардиопульмональными осложнениями. М.: ГЕОТАР-Медиа, 2023: 512 с. [Drapkina O.M., Bubnova M.G. Rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 with cardiopulmonary complications. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2023: 512 p. (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Мещерякова Н.Н., Белевский А.С., Кулешов А.В. Методические рекомендации: проведение легочной реабилитации у пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией (КОВИД-19) внебольничной пневмонией. Доступно на: https://www.spulmo.ru/upload/metodichka_po_reabilitacii_covid.pdf (дата обращения 03.03.2022) [Meshcheryakova N.N., Belevskij A.S., Kuleshov A.V. Guidelines for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) community-acquired bilateral pneumonia. Available at: https://www.spulmo.ru/upload/metodichka_po_reabilitacii_covid.pdf (accessed 03.03.2022) (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Гришечкина И.А., Лобанов А.А., Барашков Г.Н. и др. Способ акватренировки пациентов в бассейне после перенесенной респираторно-вирусной инфекции, осложненной двухсторонней вирусной пневмонией. Патент RU 2784304 C1, 2022. [Grishechkina I.A., Lobanov A.A., Barashkov G.N. et al. Method for aquatraining patients in a pool after a respiratory viral infection complicated with bilateral viral pneumonia. Patent RF no. 2784304, 2022. (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Марченкова Л.А., Чесникова Е.И., Ансокова М.А. и др. Способ реабилитации пациентов, перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию COVID-19. Патент RU 2782499 C1, 2022. [Marchenkova L.A., Chesnikova E.I., Ansokova M.A. Method of rehabilitation of patients survived new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Patent RF no. 2782499, 2022. (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Будылин С.П., Саморуков А.Е., Рачин А.П., Фесюн А.Д. Способ мануальной терапии при реабилитации пациентов после коронавирусной пневмонии. Патент RU 2778991 C1, 2022. [Budylin S.P., Samorukov A.E., Rachin A.P., Fesyun A.D. Manual method for rehabilitation of patients after coronavirus pneumonia. Patent RF no. 2778991, 2022. (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Garcíaa I., Molina-Molinab M., Arrillagac B. et al. Swimming Exercise for Patients with Long-Term Respiratory Post COVID-19 Complications: Further Thinking on the Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Archivos de Bronconeumología. 2022; 58(6): 527–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2022.02.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Gloeckl R., Leitl D., Jarosch I. et al. Benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in COVID-19: a prospective observational cohort study. ERJ Open Research. 2021; 7(2): 00108-2021. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00108-2021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Maley J.H., Alba G.A., Barry J.T. Multi-disciplinary collaborative consensus guidance statement on the assessment and treatment of breathing discomfort and respiratory sequelae inpatients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PM&amp;R. 2022; (14): 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12744</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Liu K., Zhang W., Yang Y. et al. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2020; (39): 101166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101166</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Куликова Н.Г., Кончугова Т.В., Чхеидзе Т., Ткаченко А.С. Физиотерапия в реабилитации пациентов с интерстициальными поражениями легких после COVID-19 Russian Journal of Environmental and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022; (2): 23–36. [Kulikova N.G., Konchugova T.V., Chkheidze T., Tkachenko A.S. Physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with interstitial lung lesions after COVID-19. Russian Journal of Environmental and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022; (2): 23–36 (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Михалева К.А., Еремушкин М.А., Марченкова Л.А. и др. Способ дыхательной гимнастики для пациентов, перенесших COVID-ассоциированную пневмонию. Патент RU 2784605 C1, 2022. [Mihaleva K.A., Eremushkin M.A., Marchenkova L.A. et al. Method for respiratory gymnastics for patients after COVID-associated pneumonia. Patent RF no. 2784605, 2022. (In Russ.).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>AL-Mhanna S.B., Mohamed M., Noor N.M. et al. Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation among COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare. 2022; (10): 2130. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112130</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
