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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник восстановительной медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2078-1962</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2625</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678122</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-3-29-37</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modification and characteristics of biofunctional properties of collagen-containing xerogels for medical purposes: results of the experimental study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Модификация и характеристика биофункциональных свойств коллагенсодержащих ксерогелей медицинского назначения: результаты экспериментального исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-8470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremin</surname><given-names>Petr S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерёмин</surname><given-names>Пётр Серафимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Laboratory of Cellular Technologies of the Department of Biomedical Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий отдела биомедицинских технологий</p></bio><email>markovpa@nmicrk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-9244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhkova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожкова</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Biol.), Chief Researcher at the Department of Biomedical Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела биомедицинских технологий</p></bio><email>markovpa@nmicrk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-4803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markov</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марков</surname><given-names>Павел Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Biol.), Leading Researcher at the Department of Biomedical Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела биомедицинских технологий</p></bio><email>markovpa@nmicrk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Centre for Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-04"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-11"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eremin P.S., Rozhkova E.A., Markov P.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Ерёмин П.С., Рожкова Е.А., Марков П.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eremin P.S., Rozhkova E.A., Markov P.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерёмин П.С., Рожкова Е.А., Марков П.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/678122">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/678122</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>INTRODUCTION.</bold> Development and improvement of methods and materials used in regenerative medicine for non-drug stimulation of tissue repair will solve a number of clinical problems associated with diseases that impede the normal process of reparative regeneration, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Collagen and its derivatives are already used as components of biomaterials for medical purposes. However, low mechanical strength, rapid biodegradation in physiological environments and weak resistance to enzymes limit the scope and effectiveness of their medical and biological applications.</p> <p><bold>AIM.</bold> The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of carboxylic acids on the strength, biodegradability and biocompatibility of collagen xerogel, <italic>in vitro</italic>.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS.</bold> The mechanical characteristics of the materials were assessed using a TA.XTplus texture analyzer. The biocompatibility of the materials was assessed by light and fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent dyes (DAPI, Rhodamine) and a Calcein AM (CCK-F) cell viability kit.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.</bold> A xerogel based on denatured collagen with high strength characteristics was created. The parameters of heat treatment and concentrations of carboxylic acids were selected to stabilize the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. It was found that the introduction of citric acid into the hydrogel from denatured collagen and subsequent high-temperature treatment allows to increase the mechanical strength of the xerogel from 59 ± 3 to 82 ± 13 kPa. In addition, the introduction of citric acid into the composition of the xerogel increases its resistance to biodegradation by more than three times. The microenvironment created by the xerogel containing citric acid does not have a cytotoxic effect, but it does inhibit proliferation of fibroblasts.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION. </bold>The results of the in vitro study showed that the obtained material can become a promising platform for use both as an extracellular scaffold and as an independent biomaterial for filling the volume of tissue lost as a result of surgery or injury.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ.</bold> Разработка и усовершенствование методов и материалов, применяемых в регенеративной медицине для немедикаментозной стимуляции восстановления тканей, позволит решить ряд клинических проблем, связанных с заболеваниями, препятствующими нормальному процессу репаративной регенерации, такими как диабет, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания и метаболические нарушения. Коллаген и его производные уже используются в качестве компонентов биоматериалов медицинского назначения. Однако низкая механическая прочность, быстрая биодеградация в физиологических средах и слабая устойчивость к ферментам ограничивают область и эффективность их медико-биологического применения.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ.</bold> Оценить влияние карбоновых кислот на прочность, биодеградируемость и биосовместимость коллагенового ксерогеля в условиях <italic>in vitro</italic>.</p> <p><bold>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ.</bold> Механические характеристики материалов оценивали с использованием текстурного анализатора TA.XTplus. Биосовместимость материалов оценивали методами световой и люминесцентной микроскопии с использованием флюоресцентных красителей (DAPI, Rhodamine) и набора для оценки жизнеспособности клеток Calcein AM (CCK-F).</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ.</bold> Создан ксерогель на основе денатурированного коллагена с высокими прочностными характеристиками. Подобраны параметры термической обработки и концентрации карбоновых кислот для стабилизации механических свойств гидрогеля. Выявлено, что внесение в гидрогель из денатурированного коллагена лимонной кислоты и последующая высокотемпературная обработка позволяют повысить механическую прочность ксерогеля с 59 ± 3 до 82 ± 13 кПа. Кроме того, внесение лимонной кислоты в состав ксерогеля повышает его устойчивость к биодеградации более чем в три раза. Микросреда, создаваемая ксерогелем, содержащим лимонную кислоту, не оказывает цитотоксического действия, но приэтом препятствует пролиферации фибробластов.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ.</bold> Результаты исследования <italic>in vitrо</italic> показали, что полученный материал может стать перспективной платформой для применения как в качестве внеклеточного скаффолда, так и в качестве самостоятельного биоматериала для заполнения объема утраченной ткани в результате оперативного вмешательства или ранения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomimetics</kwd><kwd>hydrogel</kwd><kwd>xerogel</kwd><kwd>collagen</kwd><kwd>gelatin</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd><kwd>Young’s modulus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомиметики</kwd><kwd>гидрогель</kwd><kwd>ксерогель</kwd><kwd>коллаген</kwd><kwd>желатин</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd><kwd>Модуль Юнга</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Amadeh A., Mohebbi N., Amadeh Z., Jamshidbeigi A. 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