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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiоlоgy and infectious diseases. Сurrent items</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiоlоgy and infectious diseases. Сurrent items</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. Актуальные вопросы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2226-6976</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9640</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">716209</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/epidem.2026.16.2.19-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Epidemic Situation</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эпидемическая ситуация</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Etiology of healthcare-associated infections in the Russian Federation in 2018–2024</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этиология инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи, в Российской Федерации за 2018–2024 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-1804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abrosimova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абросимова</surname><given-names>Ольга Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Epidemiologist, Head, Epidemiology Service</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог, руководитель эпидемиологической службы</p> <p> </p></bio><email>dr.kvasova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-1252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Oksana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Оксана Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Healthcare-Associated Infections</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>oksana_orlova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8557-6540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sycheva</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычева</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Healthcare-Associated Infections</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>natsy@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-6689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>Aleksey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>Алексей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head, Laboratory of Healthcare-Associated Infections</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasily G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the Russian Academy, MD, Professor, Director</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, директор</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>vgakimkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2226-6976/about/editorialPolicies#purchaseIssue</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2226-6976/article/view/716209">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2226-6976/article/view/716209</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective. </bold>Evaluation of the etiological structure of pathogens causing surgical site infections (SSIs), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), and urinary tract infections (UTIs).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Pathogen monitoring using specially developed data collection forms over a period of 7 years in 36 constituent entities of the Russian Federation was conducted. The coverage of etiologic deciphering of SSI, LRTI, and UTI cases over the entire observation period was 84.43% (95% CI 80.38–88.48).</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The leading pathogens for UTI were <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> (25.71%, 95% CI 22.69–28.72), <italic>E. coli</italic> (18.95%, 95% CI 16.01–21.89), and <italic>Enterococcus </italic>spp. (16.19%, 95% CI 13.68–18.69). In the etiology of LRTI, the most significant were: <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> – 19.77% (95% CI 17.43–22.11), the group “other microorganisms” – 14.96% (95% CI 6.14–23.78), the group “other gram-positive microorganisms” – 11.37% (95% CI 9.43–13.31). The predominant etiologic pathogens in SSIs over the 7-year period were: <italic>S. aureus</italic> – 20.56% (95% CI 19.91–21.21), <italic>E. coli</italic> – 17.3% (95% CI 16.41–18.20), <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> – 12.37% (95% CI 11.68–13.07), and <italic>S. epidermidis</italic> – 10.23% (95% CI 9.66–10.79).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The etiologic pathogens in HAIs remained stable over the observation period, but regional differences were observed when comparing the results with data from other studies.</p> <p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Изучение этиологической структуры возбудителей инфекций в области хирургического вмешательства (ИОХВ), инфекций нижних дыхательных путей (ИНДП), инфекций мочевыводящих путей (ИМВП).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Мониторинг возбудителей проводили по специально разработанным формам сбора данных на протяжении 7 лет на территории 36 субъектов Российской Федерации. Охват этиологической расшифровкой случаев ИОХВ, ИНДП, ИМВП за весь период наблюдения составил 84,43% (95% ДИ 80,38–88,48).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Для ИМВП ведущими возбудителями были <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> – 25,71% (95% ДИ 22,69–28,72), <italic>E. coli</italic> – 18,95% (95% ДИ 16,01–21,89) и <italic>Enterococcus </italic>spp. – 16,19% (95% ДИ 13,68–18,69). В этиологии ИНДП наибольшее значение имели: <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> – 19,77% (95% ДИ 17,43–22,11), группа «другие микроорганизмы» – 14,96% (95% ДИ 6,14–23,78), группа «другие грамположительные микроорганизмы» – 11,37% (95% ДИ 9,43–13,31). В этиологической структуре ИОХВ за 7 лет преобладали: <italic>S. aureus</italic> – 20,56% (95% ДИ 19,91–21,21), <italic>E. coli</italic> – 17,3% (95% ДИ 16,41–18,20), <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> – 12,37% (95% ДИ 11,68–13,07), <italic>S. epidermidis</italic> – 10,23% (95% ДИ 9,66–10,79).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Этиологическая структура возбудителей ИСМП оставалась стабильной на протяжении периода наблюдения, но при сравнении результатов с данными других исследований наблюдаются территориальные особенности.</p> <p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>healthcare-associated infections</kwd><kwd>nosocomial infections</kwd><kwd>surgical site infections</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>внутрибольничные инфекции</kwd><kwd>инфекции в области хирургического вмешательства</kwd><kwd>инфекции нижних дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>инфекции мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>возбудители ИСМП</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. 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