Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among contact persons in social homes

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Abstract

Objective. Assessment of the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and the effectiveness of preventive measures among contact persons living in social homes.

Materials and methods. An epidemiological investigation was carried out into 6 cases of tuberculosis without bacterial excretion registered in three social homes in Moscow. All contact persons, including staff, were examined at the Branch for the Eastern Administrative District and the North-East Administrative District of the Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center for the Fight against Tuberculosis of the Moscow Healthcare Department. Based on the examination results, contact persons were prescribed chemoprophylaxis with two combination drugs for 3 months.

Results. A total of 563 contact persons were identified in three social homes. LTBI was detected in 46 people, which amounted to 8.17% (95% CI 6.05–10.57). During the control test with the recombinant tuberculosis allergen in the 2nd year of follow-up, a decrease in the papule by 5 mm was noted in 7 (15.22%; 95% CI 6.42– 26.9) patients; results of tuberculin tests remained unchanged in 39 (84.78%; 95% CI 73.1–93.58) contact persons.

Conclusion. A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis without official confirmation of bacterial excretion is contagious. The detection rate of infected individuals in years by skin testing depends on the proximity of the contact to patient zero. Preventive therapy made it possible to prevent an outbreak of tuberculosis in social homes.

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About the authors

Elvira T. Khalafova

Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center for the Fight against Tuberculosis of the Moscow Healthcare Department

Author for correspondence.
Email: orudzhova.elvira@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8355-3581

Phthisiatrician, Acting Deputy Head for Medical Affairs

Russian Federation, Moscow

Elena M. Bogorodskaya

Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center for the Fight against Tuberculosis of the Moscow Healthcare Department; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: BogorodskayaEM@zdrav.mos.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4552-5022

МD, Director, Head, Department of Phthisiology

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Natalia G. Davidova

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Branch of the «Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow» in Eastern Administrative District of Moscow

Email: dawidowa.nat2016@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4429-9844

Postgraduate Student, Epidemiologist

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Characteristics of focuses of disease in social home № 1 а — Focus of disease № 1. Time period of the conversion of skin test with TRA and detection of the diseased (case № 2) with a mapping of the location of the infected around the zero patient (case № 1) after household contact with a patient with tuberculosis. The follow-up period of the focus of disease is 3 years; b — Focus of disease № 2. Time period of the conversion of skin test with TRA after household contact with a tuberculosis patient and cartography of the location of infected people around the zero patient (case № 3). The follow-up period of the focus of disease is 3 years.

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3. Fig. 2. Characteristics of focuses of disease in social home № 2 а — Focus of disease № 3. Time period of the conversion of skin test with TRA after household contact with a tuberculosis patient with decay cavity and the absence of officially confirmed bacterial excretion. Mapping the location of infected people around patient zero (case № 4). The follow-up period of the focus of disease is 3 years; b — Focus of disease № 4. Time period of the conversion of skin test with TRA after household contact with a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis without disintegration and in the absence of officially confirmed bacterial excretion. Mapping the location of infected people around the primary patient (case № 5). The follow-up period of the focus of disease is 2 years.

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4. Fig. 3. Characteristics of focuses of disease in social home № 3 Focus of disease № 6. Time period of the conversion of skin test with TRA after household contact with a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis without decay and without bacterial excretion. Mapping the location of infected people around the primary patient (case № 7). The follow-up period of the focus of disease is 2 years;

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