HIV-associated tuberculosis in the Astrakhan region

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Abstract

Objective. Evaluation of the clinical and epidemiological features of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) in patients in the Astrakhan Region (AR).

Materials and methods. A clinical and epidemiological analysis of 87 cases of HIV-associated TB was conducted for the period from 2016 to 2024 in the AR.

Results. A tendency towards an increase in the incidence rate was revealed over the studied period. The challenging situation was associated with late patient seeking medical care and untimely initiation of therapy. The prevalence of disseminated and generalized TB (73.5%) was noted against the background of severe immunodeficiency (the number of CD4+ lymphocytes < 100 cells/μl in 86% of cases). Among the concomitant pathologies, socially significant diseases were observed: hepatitis C and B, alcoholism, drug addiction, while hepatitis C and B prevailed in men – 97.1%, and alcohol dependence prevailed in women - 88.9%.

Conclusion. The risk group for co-infection (HIV/TB) included unemployed male patients of working age, living in the city, with bad habits, followed-up in the State Healthcare Institution of the Astrakhan Region «Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS» for more than 3 years.

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About the authors

Natalia A. Stepanova

Astrakhan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: stepaniida@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5693-3462

MD, Professor, Department of Phthisiology

Russian Federation, Astrakhan

Vera V. Vasilkova

Astrakhan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Email: vasilkova.ver@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7539-1910

MD, Associate Professor, Head, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

Russian Federation, Astrakhan

Nadiya R. Bedlinskaya

Astrakhan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Email: nadiyabedlinskaya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7626-1918

Cand. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Astrakhan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Astrakhan

Russian Federation, Astrakhan

Karina M. Duysalieva

Astrakhan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Email: karina.duysalieva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8283-4031

5th year Student, Faculty of Pediatrics

Russian Federation, Astrakhan

Anastasia E. Filipyuk

Astrakhan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Email: filipuk@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1551-0148

5th year Student, Faculty of Pediatrics

Russian Federation, Astrakhan

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2. Fig. 1. Incidence of clinical forms of ТВ in patients with HIV in the Astrakhan Region in 2016-2024

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3. Fig. 2. Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with HIV-associated ТВ in the Astrakhan Region for 2016-2024

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