Vol 5, No 2 (2016)

03.02.00 – General Biology

Soil spider (Arachnida, Aranei) fauna of Samara parks zones

Belosludtsev E.A.

Abstract

The aim of the work is to identify the species composition of aranei fauna and quantitative ratio of soil spiders in the parks of Samara in different seasons. The paper contains the results of the study of spider fauna in six parks of Samara. The author has used the original material collected in Samara from May to October 2002–2006. The author has identified 3081 individuals from 17 families of spiders. 77 spider species from 54 genera and 17 family have been found, it is 80% of the list of species of ground tier Samara spiders. Species range from 19 to 33 in each park. In the studied parks Linyphiidae family, Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae dominate in the number of species. The analysis of the number of spider species in different seasons of the year showed a gradual decline of species diversity from spring to autumn. According to Jaccard index, each of the studied fauna of spiders has a distinct originality. Only 4 species are present in all parks (Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834), Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802), Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778) и Tr. terricola (Thorell, 1856).

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):8-10
pages 8-10 views

New representatives of the species Kerpia samarica from the location Novyi Kuvak (kazanian stage, Samara Region)

Bukhman L.M., Bukhman N.S.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of new representatives of the genus Kerpia Naugolnykh from Novyi Kuvak located in Shentalinsky district (northeast of Samara region). The genus Kerpia for ginkgo similar leaves was set by S.V. Naugolnykh in 1995 on the material from the Kungurian stage of the Middle Urals. Typical species of this genus is Kerpia macroloba Naugolnykh. In the diagnosis of the genus S.V. Naugolnykh showed the most important signs of this genus: presence of lobes and sinuses of the 1st and 2nd order, distinct petiole and two veins included in lamina from the petiole. Later, in 2001, from the sediments of Kazanian stage of the Southern Urals S.V. Naugolnykh described a new species Kerpia belebeica Naugolnykh. In 2013 in Novyi Kuvak location we found impressions of ginkgo similar leaves with on the one hand a great similarity with the known members of the genus Kerpia (Kerpia macroloba and Kerpia belebeica), but on the other hand they are clearly not identical to this representative at the species level. According to the results of the study of these impressoins in 2014 we described a new species of the genus KerpiaKerpia samarica N.S. Bukhman et L.M. Bukhman, 2014. In this paper we give description of both known and new findings of species Kerpia samarica and a comparison of this species with other species of the genus Kerpia.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):11-15
pages 11-15 views

Reproductive activity of male edible dormice (Glis glis L., 1766) in the peripheral population

Vekhnik V.A.

Abstract

The edible dormouse is a dendrobiont hibernating rodent breeding once a year. A peculiarity of the species biology is regular reproduction failure in non-mast years. In the center of the area it occurs due to the lack of male reproductive activity. In the studied population on the eastern periphery of the dormouse area previous studies proved the decisive role of mass resorption of embryos at females in the process. The dynamics of males reproductive activity and its impact on the reproduction were not considered previously in detail. In this work the periodicity and intensity of reproductive activity of males, depending on the age and phase of population cycle, was studied. Reproductive activity of the overwhelming majority of males was annually observed, the proportion of individuals not involved in reproduction did not exceed 6,7%. The age differences in the timing of beginning of the reproduction were revealed: yearlings came the first in the activity state and after them two-year and three-year and older individuals became active. The minimal duration of the mating period was observed in yearling males, the maximal – in two-year, which were also characterized by the longest individual periods of reproductive activity. As a result of sharp fluctuations in the population age structure two-year males are the most important group in reproduction, but the three-year and older individuals in mast years are also able to ensure the reproduction of the population. The characteristic feature of reproduction was noted at yearling males: they began reproduction depending on body weight. Fluctuations in the male reproductive activity during the active period do not play a significant role in the regulation of reproduction. Shorter duration of reproductive activity of yearling animals in the years of reproduction failure is compensated by the later beginning of reproduction of three-year and older individuals. Nonsynchronous participation in breeding of males of different age groups provides the involvement in reproduction of maximal number of animals.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):15-19
pages 15-19 views

Current state of Donetsk dendroflora

Glukhov A.Z., Kharkhota L.V., Pasternak G.A., Likhatskaya E.N.

Abstract

We present the study results of modern dendroflora of Donetsk (a large industrial city of the south steppe zone). We have determined the species composition, analyzed the age structure of plantations, estimated the life condition of trees and shrubs. Plantations compose 76 species and 32 forms, types, sorts of trees, including 11 species and 9 sorts of the coniferous, as well as 79 species and 35 forms, sorts of shrubs, including 7 species and 19 sorts of the coniferous. Trees and shrubs belong to 78 genera, which are included into 38 families. The most represented family among the deciduous is Rosaceae Juss. – 46 species and 13 sorts, among the coniferous – Pinaceae Lindl. (9 species and 6 sorts), Cupressaceae Rich. ex Bartl. (7 species and 22 sorts). Tree species dominating in plantations are Populus bolleana Lauche (14,6% of the total number of trees), dominating shrubs are the sorts of Rosa hybrida (44,0% of the total number of shrubs). In the plantations studied we have indicated 33 species of trees and shrubs of the aboriginal fraction of local flora. Analysis of the age structure of plantations revealed that the majority of trees compose the age group of 20–29 years, the majority of shrubs – up to 10 years. Fast-growing species prevail in plantations (73% of the total number). Viability of the most part of trees of fast-growing and slow-growing species is estimated by 4 points, viability of moderate-growing species – by 6 points. The number of trees being in unsatisfactory condition (0 or 1–3 points) prevails among fast-growing species.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):20-24
pages 20-24 views

The necessity of Samara Region wetlands protection

Kazantsev I.V., Senator S.A.

Abstract

The article deals with the issue of the need to preserve the wetlands of Samara region. Occupying a small area and being on the southern border of its distribution, all available on the territory of Samara region marshes are considered to be valuable environmental systems in environmental, hydrological, landscape and biogeographic relationships. The main threats to wetland ecosystems are investigated, including the quality and characteristics of local peat, the failure of security mode, the absence of regional legislation regulating environmental management in wetlands. The authors study a list of plants growing on the territory of the wetland nature monuments in Samara region and being of particular environmental and phytogeographical interest. Data about the most valuable marshes of Samara region under the protection or need of saving are given: Hipnovoe swamp, Muranskie lakes, Racheyskay taiga, Bolshoe Orlovo, Bolshaya and Malaya Trostyanka, Kesme, Zolotushnoe, Svetloe Ozero, Berezovay Polyna, Sharlyk, Belokluchenskoe, Mohovoe swamp, Mohovoe II, Chekalinskoe swamp, Trostnikovoe, Molochka lake, Uzilovo swamp, Bychye swamp. Each of the swamps is given a geographical reference, its footprint, status and rationale of the organization of the protection regime. The main threats for wetlands in the region are consideration of peat deposits as a potential source of raw materials for medical purposes and organic fertilizer and, in some cases, compliance with the established regime of protection and the absence of regional legislation regulating environmental management in wetlands.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):25-29
pages 25-29 views

Mediated communication and dependence behavioral activity of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834) on weather conditions

Kamalova E.S.

Abstract

The raccoon dog is an invasive species in the Samara region. At present, this species is founded in the northern, north-western and western territories of the Samara region, and the most widely spread on Vasilyevsky Islands, near the Rozhdestveno village, in floodplain areas of the national park «Samarskaya Luka». According to some authors’ data, this species may be able to be cause damage to game species, due to it’s impact on the number of waterfowl. In the Samara region the impact of this predator on hunting species are not mentioned, but a comprehensive study of the behavior, distribution, ecology of the species and its impact on native ecosystems are required. This article describes a study on raccoon dog’s mediated communication which was carried out by detailed method of tracking animals’ winter footprints in the national park «Samarskaya Luka» in the snow season at 2009–2015. The dynamics of communicative behavior of raccoon dog at 2009–2015 is presented. One of the main factors influencing on animal’s behavior is a snow cover. For the detailed analysis Bodman‘s index of weather rigidity was applied, using data of the air temperature and wind speed. The data which show differences in behavioral activity of raccoon dog’s males and females depending on the weather conditions are presented.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):29-33
pages 29-33 views

Preliminary results of the monitoring bio-ecological features of plants Fritillaria ruthenica Wikstr. in the model forest habitats of the Krasnosamarsky forest

Kotelnikova M.G.

Abstract

The article presents some preliminary results of the monitoring of Fritillaria ruthenica Wikstr. plants (category of rare and endangered plant species, included in the Red Books of Russia and Samara Region). By summarizing the available sources of science literature we have compiled a general description of morphological and bio-ecological species characteristics. The results of the field study fulfilled in 2012-2014 in Krasnosamarsky forestry (Samara region) were used to determine morphometric parameters of Fritillaria ruthenica plants. The data also helped us to assess the variability level and to make a comparison with plant quantitative traits given in the literature. It was found that the shoot length of Fritillaria ruthenica plants from model biotope in Krasnosamarsky forest in 2012-2014 varied in the range of 20 ... 70 cm, in 2012 and 2013 individuals with long shoots about 50 cm dominated, in 2014 – with shoot length about 50 and 60 cm. The feature of the shoot length is characterized by plasticity, the highest level of variation was observed in 2013. The lengths of shoots are inside the range specified for the various parts of the area in the literature with a significant proportion of “tall” plants in the studied population. This may be a sign of good growth conditions for Fritillaria ruthenica that gives an opportunity to the plant conservation in natural communities in the absence of limited anthropogenic factors.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):33-38
pages 33-38 views

Some aspects of raccoon dog’s (Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834) food behavior in depend on depth of snow cover on the floodplain territory of national park «Samarskaya Luka»

Martynova V.V.

Abstract

The raccoon dog, which is inhabit the territory of national park «Samarskaya Luka», considered an invasive species with the high ecological plasticity. It has been acclimatized successfully and still continues to expand its range. Taking into account this fact, it is particularly relevant to reveal some aspects of its behavior. The important point is the adaptation of the species in the conditions of anthropogenic press, which are observed in the national park’s territory. The studies was carried out on the riparian territories of the national park «Samarskaya Luka» (village Mordovo and village Malaya Ryazan), because the raccoon dog tends to inhabit the floodplain areas, river banks, islands and channels, and avoid large open fields. The research object is the raccoon dogs’ population on riparian territories of the national park. The study was carried out by detailed winter footprints tracking method. The article presents data on the weather's severity conditions, Bodman index was calculated for the areas of tracking in the study period. The data compared detailed winter tracking in the snowy (2012) and snowless (2013) research period materials are presented. The obtained data illustrate differences in research, food and food searching behavioral activity of raccoon dog’s males and females depending on the depth of the snow cover and weather conditions. The results are consistent with the literature data on the weather's severity in the Samara region and changes of canids behavior’s in different seasons. The data obtained can be used by staff of specially protected natural areas, forestry and hunting organizations for introduced species’ population monitoring.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):38-42
pages 38-42 views

Influence of temperature and carbon sources on auxin biosynthesis by Rhodococcus erythropolis strain and their phytostimulating activity in urbanozem soil

Otroshko D.N., Sheremet V.V., Volchenko N.N., Khudokormov A.A., Samkov A.A.

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the effect of temperature and carbon sources for synthesizing activity of Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac-2017D strain on the mineral medium. Tryptophan at a concentration of 0,5 g/l was added as a precursor for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis. Phytostimulating effect was shown in condition of soil experiment using lawn grass mixture (Festuca rubra – 30%, Lolium perenne – 30%, Poa pratensis – 20%, Festuca rubra trichlorophylla – 15%, Festuca ovina – 5%). The strain of selected oil-degrading bacteria was able to produce IAA on both hydrocarbon and carbohydrates as carbon sources. The differences were found in the production of auxin that depended on temperature and types of C-substrate. When sucrose used as a carbon source the maximum in production of IAA was 34,3 µg/ml at the temperature of 15°C. When culturing microorganisms on hexadecane the highest concentration IAA (77,69 µg/ml ) was achieved at 25°C. The culture broth (supernatant) and native bacterial suspension had shown phytostimulating activity on the lawn grass (weight of plant biomass, germination) to compare to water and chemically synthesized IAA in condition of soil experiment.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):42-46
pages 42-46 views

Morphological features of Hylotelephium triphillum (Haw.) Holub (Crassulaceae DC.) under different light conditions when introduced into the steppe zone

Privalko L.V.

Abstract

In recent decades floral devices in a natural style has been becoming more common in gardening. In this connection there was a need for the introduction and study of the natural flora of plants in order to attract them to simulate the decorative and resistant plants. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of different light conditions on the habitat features and decorative biomorphological Hylotelephium triphyllum (Haw.) Holub (Crassulaceae DC.) when introduced in SE «Donetsk Botanical Garden». This species is found naturally in the flora of Donbass, a decorative, but, according to the results of our analysis, is rarely used in green construction. Bioecological certification of this type has been done. It has been determined that the impact of site lighting conditions on the growth and development of H. triphyllum expressed in significantly smaller numbers of vegetative and generative shoots in the shaded areas. However, since the diameter of the plants does not change, more thickened planting in these areas is not recommended. The author found the dependence of the variation of the biometric data on the lighting conditions. In the study of seasonal dynamics of H. triphyllum the author revealed that the development of above-ground organs of his passes with a positive amount of average daily air temperatures. The growing season lasts an average of 225 days. Start of spring regrowth is observed in the second half of March – early April, flowering – in August – September, fruits – in September – October. Vegetation stops when temperature goes below zero. Illumination of this type of habitat affect the time of vegetation beginning, budding, flowering, fruit set and fruit-bearing. On the shaded areas due to the later start of budding and flowering the most decorative period of H. triphyllum is shorter by an average of 10 days. This type is recommended for creation of group planting, stony hills, dry streams, rock gardens, rockeries, mixborders, curbs, ornamental compositions in the coastal zone of ornamental ponds and fountains in the steppe zone in areas with different light conditions, taking into account the above factors.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):47-51
pages 47-51 views

Specially protected natural area «Sources of the Krymza River»: modern state and protection of (Syzransky District, Samara Region)

Saksonov S.V., Novikova L.A., Mitroshenkova A.E., Rakov N.S., Senator S.A., Dronin G.V., Golovlev A.A.

Abstract

In the article contains information about present state of specially protected natural area, natural monument of regional significance «Sources of the Krymza River» (Syzransky District, Samara Region), its flora, vegetation and rare plant species. Phytocenotic diversity represented by 9 types of plant communities. Marge complex is formed by Bromopsis riparia + variiherbetum, Carex acuta + variiherbetum and Calamagrostis epigeios+variiherbetum communities. In the upper part of the river Krymzy laid on geobotanical profile ravine in the direction from left to right slope communities are located in the profile as follows: Quercus robur-Corylus avellana-Aegopodium podagraria → Tilia cordata-Corylus avellan-variiherbetum → Acer platanoides-Urtica dioica → Acer platanoides-Corylus avellana-Carex pilosa → Quercus robur-Brachypodium pinnatum → Populus tremula-Calamagrostis epigeios; bordered the profile on both sides of the community Calamagrostis epigeios+variiherbetum. The floristic diversity of the territory is represented by 337 species of vascular plants belonging to 199 genera, 59 families and 4 department. The flora 1 species (Iris aphylla) is included in the Red Book of Russia, and 12 species – in the Red Book of Samara Region: Drymochloa sylvatica, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Laser trilobum, Maianthemum bifolium, Matteuccia struthiopteris, Athyrium filix-femina, Bromopsis benekenii, Crataegus volgensis, Epipactis helleborine, Helichrysum arenarium, Iris aphylla and Primula macrocalyx. These data show that modern state of the natural monument «Sources of the Krymza River» characterized by stability floral and phytocenotic indicators. Economic exploitation is here reduced to only traditional for him to collect berries locals, run cattle and fire protection.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):52-57
pages 52-57 views

Fauna of gamasina mites (Gamasoidea) of small mammals of a natural region «Samarskaya Luka»

Sorokopud I.A.

Abstract

Data on fauna of gamasina mites parasitizing on small mammals are provided in article. Data are obtained during long-term monitoring of an ecological complex of small mammals of a natural and territorial complex «Samarskaya Luka», which is realized since 1999. Also data on fauna of gamasina mites in 14 years of researches (2000–2003, 2005, 2007–2015 years), including literary data about the gamasina mites of this territory, are generalized and analysed. Specific accessory of 7439 individuals of mites, seven childbirth of three families relating to fifteen types is defined. Parasitizing the gamasina mites on 16 species of small mammals, including groups rodents, soricomorpha, carnivora (least weasel) is established. Domination of separate species of mites is revealed, so to eudominant Laelaps hilaris and Hirstionyssus isabellinus are belong, dominants are – Hirstionyssus ellobii, Haemolaelaps glasgowi, Hyperlaelaps arvalis, L. agilis. Myonyssus rossicus, L. algericus, Haemogamasus ambulans and Hirstionyssus macedonicus were extremely rare species met in single copies. For the first time for this territory types of H. ellobii, L. micromydis, H. ambulans, H. macedonicus are noted. Conclusions on degree of a confinedness of parasites to certain types of hosts are drawn. Monohostal types: L. agilis (the host – a yellow-necked mouse), L. muris (the host – a tundra vole and a water vole), L. micromydis (the host – a small mouse), L. algericus (the host – a house mouse), H. arvalis (the host – a tundra vole and a water vole), H. ellobii (the host – a northern mole vole). Polihostal: H. musculi, L. hilaris, H. isabellinus, H. glasgowi, E. stabularis, H. nidi.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):57-63
pages 57-63 views

Algoflora of the Zarafshan River middle stream and its relationship with indicator-saprobic species

Tashpulatov Y.S.

Abstract

The author studies taxonomic, floristic, comparative, ecological and indicator-saprobiс features of algoflora of the Zarafshan River middle stream. The study was conducted at 10 observation points located along the river. These points are selected by location of such polluting sources as river channels, large reservoirs, sewage domestic, industrial areas and major cities. It is revealed that in the river there are 331 species and varieties of algae. They belong to 81 genus, 38 families, 16 orders, 11 classes and 5 departments. 97 species and varieties of these are an indicator-saprobic algae. The first three points of the environmental conditions are almost the same. In these areas 119 species and varieties are defined, 37 species of them are indicator-saprobic species. The middle saprobic index is 1.27; alpha-oligosaprob, class 2, category – 2b; the water is cleaner in 4–7 observation points of the river. Here 200 species are identified, 56 species of them are considered to be indicator-saprobic species. The middle saprobic index is 1.61; .beta.1-mezosaprob, class 3, category – 3a, the water is clean enough. In 8–10 observation posts only 125 species were found, 44 species of them are indicator-saprobic species. Middle saprobic index reached 1.84; beta.1-mezosaprob, class 3, category – 3a, the water is clean enough. Down the river stream the saprobic index, saprobic Educastional level of algae and water pollution gradually increases.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):63-66
pages 63-66 views

07.00.00 – Historical Sciences and Archaeology

Flint complex of the Mariupol burial ground

Kolesnik A.V.

Abstract

The Mariupol burial ground is one of the largest Neolithic sites of Eastern Europe. The funeral complex consists of 124 burials many of which include rich grave goods. Flint artifacts, usually single plate-like flint knives, have been found in 40 graves. In burials there also were end and oval scrapers, microlithics, axes, triangular arrowheads with bilateral treatment. The industry has been based on squeezing plates of average size. Flint tools were selected specially for burial. Flint artifacts have only been found in graves with other grave goods. In some graves there were rather numerous congestions of flint tools – from 10 to 25 tools and their workpieces. In these backpack sets plates and tools made of them also prevail. Backpack sets of the Mariupol burial ground are divided into two types. The first type includes mainly unspecialized stone tools. Backpack sets of the second type consist of stone tools and household objects, i.e. jewelry made of bone, shells and stone, ochre. The trapezes and plates were used as arrowheads and their parts. Two flint axes with polished edges are found in one of the burials. The flint industry of the Mariupol burial ground is comparable to the industry of a Neolithic layer of the Kalmius settlement in Mariupol on the opposite right river bank. Probably, the burial ground has been made by residents of the settlement. Flint products are found both in male and in female burials.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):67-74
pages 67-74 views

Neolithic complex of Kedroviy mys-1 site

Mosin V.S., Yakovleva E.S.

Abstract

The paper contains the preliminary study results of multilayer site Kedroviy mys-1 on Lake Small Miassovo in the Southern Trans-Urals. The site which is a non-durable habitat of ancient population is fully investigated. No construction is revealed, but approximate contours of dwellings, probably of easy construction type of tepee with no trace were found by a planigraphy method. In the complex of finds which represents the era of stone and metal a group of artifacts of the Neolithic period in the history was found, the cultural identity and the relative chronology of the complex were established. Vessels of kozlovskaya, poludenskaya and boborykinskaya traditions were reconstructed, hence new data have been added to the complex of sources of the accumulated materials of Trans-Ural Neolithic, as it remains an urgent task for the Southern Trans-Urals, more sparsely represented by ceramics, and especially archaeologically intact vessels, compared with adjacent territories. The authors consider some methodological aspects of field research related to an attempt to highlight the stratigraphic and planigraphic intact of Neolithic layer that because of specific geomorphological conditions of the region is traditionally among the most difficult tasks of archaeological research in the mountain-forest zone of South Ural.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):74-79
pages 74-79 views

Ceramic vessels with cord ornamentation on the north-west Russia (basing on the materials of the layer α settlement Setreya II)

Tkach E.S.

Abstract

For the last decades interest to the Corded Ware cultures has increased. This is connected with the opening of new settlements and with new data, obtained by the latest scientific methods (C-14, aDNA). Territory of the Lovat’-Dzvina interfluve is a border zone along the Western Dzvina (Daugava) river. Here we could trace the interaction between different cultural traditions of the ancient population. One of the settlements, where this is possible, is layer α of the settlement Serteya II. This is a multilayer settlement and archaeological material here included vessels from the different periods – from Early Neolithic to the Iron Age. 28 vessels are associated with Corded Ware cultures. They are distinguished by the ornamentation method – cord impressions use on pottery. Their characteristic feature is also an admixture of grass in the dough and patches use during vessels making. Specific to the Corded Ware cultures pottery forms (amphora and beakers) were also found. Analogies of these types can be found in Poland, the Baltic States and in the materials of Fatyanovo culture. Their discovery among studied settlement may be regarded as an import and indicates a possible infiltration of the Corded Ware cultures inhabitants on the Lovat’-Dzvina interfluve in Late Neolithic.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):80-84
pages 80-84 views

Traditions of ceramic shape’s making and ornamentation for the population of Bronze Age of northern part of Volga-Ural: about domestic development direction

Mochalov O.D.

Abstract

The Volga-Urals population always took part in forming ceramic complexes of the Bronze Age. However the contribution they made to the genesis of the following traditions was unequal, differed in its extent and importance and was unequally revealed in technology, form making and decorating. All these factors could be traced the local specifics and particular artifacts. The neighboring population, especially the steppe one, was involved in the cooperation system, but the directions and intensity of contacts were corrected according to different factors and characteristics of the historic periods. The cooperation between the local and neighboring groups culturally close to each other was complicated by long distance communications, which resulted in drastic changes in some traditions, destabilization of skills at form making, emergence of some characteristics irrelevant to the previous times. It caused new cultural standards. The involvement of the northern Volga-Urals population in the system of long distance communications found its reflection in the wide expansion of traditions; especially in the early and late Bronze Age. The paper contains not only traditional typological results but also the results of special methods appliance of ceramic analysis: reveal of natural structure of forms, structural analysis of ornament, definition of the degree of proximity of ceramic complexes.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):84-91
pages 84-91 views

The Marriage of Konstantin Mihkailovich with Sophia Yurievna and its significance in political relations between Moscow and Tver’ in the XIV сentury

Abukov S.N.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the marriage of prince Konstantin Mihkailovich with princess Sophia Yurievna in 1320 and its place in dramatic period relations between Moscow and Tver’ relations. This family-run alliance between Moscow and Tver, which opened the series of marriages between the two ruling dynasties in the XIV-XV centuries, has not received comprehensive study by historians. The author made an analysis of the reasons and consequences of this marriage, and its influence on policy in Rus’ in the XIV сentury. The article is devoted to the origin in the maternal line of sons Tver’ Prince Konstantin Mikhailovich’s sons due to tha material line, who ruled in the XIV-th. century and who was married twice. This problem is controversial in scientific literature. The author made the analysis of the available data sets the precedence of Konstantin’s sons from different marriages and their assumed mothers. Family conflict between the princes of Tver’ had significant political consequences for the history of the Tver’ Principality and its subsequent destiny in struggle with Moscow. The author tries to determine their posterity. It is denied that the nobles Poroshins can be the descendants of the princes of Tver’, who lost the title.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):91-96
pages 91-96 views

History periodization of Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages

Avetisyan V.R.

Abstract

The problem of periodization of historical events or phenomena is always debatable. Sometimes it is difficult to find a consensus on the definition of chronological time frame of a particular event. The problem of the history periodization of Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages is not an exception. Lazarev Institute has a rich and sometimes complicated history, so the same historical event of the institution can be interpreted in different ways. Researchers in different periods (in the pre-revolutionary period – A. Zinoviev, during the Soviet period – A.P.Baziyants, M.Nersisyan, A.T.Amirkhanyan and modern history – A.V. Torkunov, V.V. Vasilenko) developed different variants of periodization: they divided the time periods into smaller ones or united closely intertwined events into a larger period. The basic element of each periodization is a historian’s principle by which he describes a historical event. The author’s variant of periodization presented in the paper makes it possible to consider the problem in a new way, as it includes the chronological framework of the period preceding the beginning of teaching at the institute. This period played a significant role not only for the opening, but also in the formation of the foundations and principles of the educational institution during the time of its existence.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):96-101
pages 96-101 views

The agrarian question in life of Western Kazakhstan society in the 19 – early 20 centuries

Frizen D.Y.

Abstract

The agrarian question is a very urgent problem in Kazakhstan. The following paper shows the history of struggle for land in 19–20 centuries. At those times Kazakhs were nomads. Tsarism carried some reforms and made the lands in the Kazakh steppe the property of the state. In Western Kazakhstan agriculture, cattle breeding, trade developed. In the Kazakh steppe agrarian transformation started. Nomads started to build permanent dwellings. These buildings were near the Russian peasants. Construction of railways led to the fact that the Kazakhs and Russian peasants sold bread at the markets near stations. Stolypin agrarian reform accelerated the process of agrarian transformation. Eventually, Western Kazakhstan entered into Russian market.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):101-105
pages 101-105 views

N.V. Charykov’s activities on reforming the ministry of foreign affairs of Russia

Chernov O.A.

Abstract

The problem of reforming the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire in the beginning of XX century was widely highlighted in historical literature. However, the role of N.V. Charykov is covered very briefly. Since he was the chairman of the council on the reform of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it seemed necessary to explore his ideas and role in this transformative direction. He became the head of the council on the reform of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after he had an appointment to a deputy minister of Foreign Affairs. It happened after A.P. Izvolsky (N.V. Charykov’s friend and classmate at Imperial Alexander Lyceum) had become a foreign minister. N.V. Charykov denotes that A.P. Izvolsky invited him to become the deputy minister of Foreign Affairs. All the legal affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs were transferred under authority of N.V. Charykov by A.P. Izvolsky. N.V. Charykov took up his post as the deputy minister of Foreign Affairs and was the head of the council on the reform of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, implemented thoughtful and meticulous work. He could establish coordination among the actions of all the departments from which the reform was dependent on. Furthermore, he believed in the necessity of changing the structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, linking it to the need to increase funding. Besides, he stood out for maintaining diplomatic correspondence in Russian instead of French. The important point was a democratization of the diplomatic exam on the one hand and an increase of the level of educational requirements for candidates on the other.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):105-110
pages 105-110 views

Educational and cultural-educational work in the Red Army in 1920s–1930s: the Orenburg Region on materials

Petrich L.V.

Abstract

The article is sanctified important aspect in eradicating illiteracy in the years of Soviet power – training soldiers and youth of premilitary age. From the state of literacy of the population category to a large extent dependent on the fighting capacity of the Red Army. Having analyzed the historical scientific literature on the subject, the conclusion is made that the topic under consideration was studied to date is not enough. It is noted that in its entirety the problem of improving the combat training of the Red Army stood in 1923, when she moved to a peacetime footing. At the same time it developed a decree the Central Executive Committee and the CPC to bring to mandatory classes in literacy of youth of premilitary age during the passage of pre-conscription military training. The paper revealed that in the late 1920s – early 1930s. work on training soldiers and youth of premilitary age continued during the cultural campaign. It is indicated that the organization of training, considerable attention was paid to the content of educational material related to the political education of soldiers. The peculiarities, difficulties and shortcomings in the organization of work with the staff of the Red Army in Orenburg: low attendance of paragraph literacy, large dropout of them. The article concludes that the system of eradication of illiteracy in the difficult war years, has proven to be extremely vital importance and necessity in the case of direct protection, strengthening and building of the state. This was an important factor in the victory of the Great Patriotic War.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):110-114
pages 110-114 views

The American press about the soviet industrialization in 1920–1930s

Rezanenko O.O.

Abstract

Press releases’ nature about the soviet industrialization, business and political circles’ and intellectuals’ reaction to the changes in the USSR during the 1920-1930s and deciding factors of the five-year plans perception by the Americans are determined and analyzed in this work. American periodicals, diplomatic correspondence of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (NKID) as well as materials of soviet propaganda are of particular importance for this research. On the basis of these sources the following conclusions were drawn: the American public had different views on the Soviet industrialization. Positive estimations were based on the real progress (new plants’ construction, improvement of the quality of life). Negative – on disparities between Soviet and American standards of labor productivity and quality, management, discipline, etc. Authors’ personal sympathies to the Soviet regime, artificial information selection by soviet censorship, political, social and economic environment in the USA influenced on the American public opinion. Soviet propaganda methods in order to form proper views in American society in that period were not substantial.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):115-120
pages 115-120 views

Implementation conditions of the soviet historical research on issues of the civil war history in Russia (1918–1922) in the second half of the 1950s – the first half of the 1960s

Ippolitov G.M., Efremov V.Y.

Abstract

«The Khrushchev thaw» is a unique period in the history of the Soviet State. It was the Decade in which attempts have been made to at least to localize the negative impact created by the Stalinist political system functioned in the country (the so-called «Stalin’s cult of personality»). Soviet power structures and the ruling Communist Party in the country tried to clean all areas of Soviet society life including the spiritual one from its negative consequences. It also influenced the Soviet historical science. It attempts to perform historical, historiographical and source research on the principles of genuine objectivity and Historicism (though such attempts, eventually in the form of embryonic tendencies that gradually eliminated). In such a situation in historiography the study of history of the Russian civil war (November 1917–1922) was one of the priorities. The article summarises the main conditions developed in the study of the Civil War in Russia during the Khrushchev Thaw (the second half of the 1950s – the first half of the 1960s.). Some of the authors’ ideas are debatable.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):120-126
pages 120-126 views

Informal religiosity of central Volga area and Ural area «Muslim» peoples in 1960–1970

Idiatullov A.K., Galimova L.N.

Abstract

In recent years there has been an increased interest in Islam and Islamic law. Islam plays a very significant role in the modern world. Close interaction between legal and religious prescriptions of Islam, the religious basis of Muslim law, «Muslim» character is not in doubt. The article analyses informal religiosity of «Muslim» peoples of the Middle Volga and Urals in the 1960–1970. This time for relations between the authorities and Islamic institutions is relatively liberal. The restoration and development of «official», allowed in the Soviet Union, as well as quite nontraditional for the Soviet time Islamic practices are noted by the authorities in the Middle Volga and the Urals. The reports name such informal forms of religiosity as neo-paganism, «wandering» mullahs, unofficial Muslim groups, worship, places of burial of saints and Sufi sources. The authorities, the party authorities, the official Muslim clergy stopped all forms of unofficial religiosity. For the «Muslim» peoples Islam has often been the subject of interest as a cultural component of their traditional worldview rather than a religious system. The authors believe that the Islamic religion has moved from ethno-cultural to the personal, informal level.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):126-130
pages 126-130 views

Surkhuri: new year holidays in traditional and modern rituals of the Chuvash

Iagafova E.A., Petrov I.G.

Abstract

Festive and ritual calendar of the Chuvash as agricultural and stock-raising people included rites and rituals, which ensured the success of production. Significant for the economic well-being of the Chuvash peasant was winter calendar, culminating in the New Year rites surkhuri / sēnē sul / nartukan. They have typological differences in genetic ethnographic and ethno-territorial groups in the form of implementation, content and terminology making three ceremonial complexes. Cultural and dialectal features are preserved in New Year rituals in Chuvash villages till present. Transformation of social life and family relations of the Chuvash in the XX-XXI centuries resulted in significant changes not only in the content and form of implementation, but also in understanding New Year rituals. In addition to authentic forms still observed in Chuvash villages reconstruction of ceremonies is practiced. Connection with the traditional forms is observed in ritual actions, attributes, and interpretation of the sacred meaning of the holiday. Surkhuri as a celebration of the Chuvash regional communities (since late 2000s) has lost characteristics of a sacred action, turning into a mass ethnic show. At the same time, its role as a factor of ethnic consolidation and ethnic identity of the Chuvash in an urban multicultural environment is obvious, due to the transformation of the Chuvash society in the context of globalization.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):130-136
pages 130-136 views

Ethnicity and traditionalism in the contemporary Kazakhstan art

Shevtsova A.A.

Abstract

Popularity of ethnographic plots in contemporary Kazahstan’s painting let us discuss ethnic mobilization in this region. Also we get possibility to analyze this process using paintings as ethnographical source. Author analyses iconography of painting, graphics, design, decorative and applied art looking for plots with ethnic makers and typical traits linked with ethnic theme, mythology and cultural heritage of Kazakhstan. Research of reconstructing ethnicity through the contemporary visual culture shows us special aspects of complex visual symbol of the country. Among these aspects, we should line references to ethnographical genre and heroical past (often with ignoring of chronology), pursuit to stylization, using of stereotypical landscape, abundance of ethnic markers and motive of the way. Common traits of all these works are symbolism, decorativeness and major tonality.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):136-140
pages 136-140 views

13.00.00 – Pedagogical Sciences

Pedagogical conditions of artistic taste formation among the students in the process of professional training

Birukov M.Y.

Abstract

The spiritual life of a modern man includes the variety of feelings which as «the baton» of the historical, cultural national experience is passed from the past to the future generations. So the artistic taste is the part of practically all man’s feelings. As we think the upbringing of soul which is capable to empathize is one of the main aims of the modern pedagogy. Embodiment of principles of democracy, humanistic priorities in development of artistic culture determine deep changes in the field of formation of personality artistic taste. A problem of development and formation of personality artistic taste is difficult, ambiguous and investigated by the representatives of different sciences. The criteria of aesthetic estimation of all spheres of people’s vital functions are focused in artistic taste, s/he comes forward as invariant basis for creation of personality-unique forms of behavior, thought and creative activity of personality. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and making foundations on the general methodological points of the modern pedagogical science for more efficient forming of the artistic taste of the students majoring in art in the process of professional training the article defines the pedagogical conditions: the integration of the disciplines of aesthetic and art cycle; the synthesis of the spatial types of art; use of variety of the creative art activity; the organization of the systematic acquaintance of students with the aesthetic and art values. Pedagogical conditions in the real teaching and educational process must be realized simultaneously.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):141-146
pages 141-146 views

V.S. Solovyov’s characters of Christian ideal in the humanization process of Russian artistic education

Bugaev V.I.

Abstract

The article explores the development of Russian culture and education symbolism at the end of ХІХ in a question about «Filioque». The prominent Russian thinker V. Solovyov considered that the unity of spirituality of Christian ideal faith was carried out in the unity of catholic and orthodox Christian churches. He doubted the question of division of «Character of Vera» perception. V. Solovyov notified the ideal of «iconographic art», which was fundamental conception of development of Russian artistic culture and education. Semantic Christian character-kernel is an interpretation of our «Hail Mary» for us. The ideal of this character is incarnated in the divine beginning «through the free exploit of man», adding the faith in Godman and God-flesh (Hail Mary) to the faith in God. This ideal was announced by F. Dostoevsky. The trinity of Christian ideal must have become the background for conscious spiritual development of Russia and all humanity. Essence of beauty symbolism is perceived in the actual available phenomena – nature and art. The conception of Sofia – Wisdoms of God character influenced the development of the Russian artistic culture and modern education. The character overflows in concepts: reasonable essence, Divine Bosom, Eternal femininity, Basis, law of life, reason, connection of God and created World. The character of Sofia is oriented to the Russian culture and education development, as a future and final phenomenon of Deity. As a founder of Russian Christian philosophy V. Solovyov defined subsequent motion of symbolism of Christian ideal in the synthesis of Orthodox, revivalist and comparative trends. We notice positive motion in Russian modern artistic education.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):146-149
pages 146-149 views

Retrospective analysis and modern tendencies of swimmers’ movement technique development at different stages of many years sports training

Vershinin M.A., Pinyasova M.V.

Abstract

Based on retrospective analysis of scientific-methodical literature the article deals with the analysis of trends of swimmers’ movement technique development at different stages of many year sports training. The authors describe the movement technique in swimming with basic concepts of biomechanical and fluid mechanics. Kinematical characteristics including spatial-temporal, temporal and spatial parame-ters of the athlete’s movements are investigated. This article considers the dynamics of change of such indicators of technical readiness as rhythm and the stroke rate at different stages of swimmers sport training. Based on data analysis of specialized literature the authors concluded that on the initial stages of sports training swimmers’ results increase due to the change in the length of step and at the stage of higher sports skill by changing of stroke rate. The authors study the age dynamics of step length and tempo at the initial training, initial and advanced specialization formation which takes place in three stages: 1) mastering the technique of swimming at optimal amplitude; 2) gradual stretching, the elonga-tion step; 3) search for optimum correlation between stride length and tempo. On the basis of study of step length growth of young athletes aged 9 – 15 years, the authors conclude that rhythm-based tech-nology course in swimming is generated starting from the initial stage of long-term preparation.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):149-154
pages 149-154 views

Peculiarities of teaching and educating students in multiethnic educational environment

Zaitseva E.A., Nuzhdin A.V.

Abstract

One of the main aims and objectives of Modern Russian education is to make a human be ready for effective working and interacting in the multiethnic educational environment. Different aspects of the multiethnic education are registered in numerous Legal Acts of the Russian federation. Educators’ multiethnic competence comprises such aspects as knowing national, religious, gender and other peculiarities of students under training, respective attitude towards them; the ability to behave in terms of cultural conformity as well as the ability to organize meaningful dialogue in a multiethnic group and to use these cultural peculiarities to enrich students’ personal experience. Moreover, educators’ multiethnic competence also includes understanding of students’ ethnopsychological reactions which are conditioned by their cultural background and national identity. The trainee has to anticipate and to resolve a conflict in a multiethnic group. Cultural studies of different nationalities have to be organized in different ways: among the most popular methods we are bound to mention the historical studies of nations and the annexation of different ethnic communities to the Russian federation, the history of an ethnic group contribution to the heroic deeds during wars and while defending the homeland. One of the most effective ways of understanding and assimilating other people’s traditions and customs is to make students participate in different national festivals, religious holidays and feasts. Reading national poets and writers contributes greatly to the better acquisition of the material as well. There are some other methods to get acquainted with cultures for example, National days, learning national games, songs, poems; collective projects, competitions, contests; work with families and family celebrations of national holidays with national food, family stories about strong family traditions and customs; training exercises which cultivate students’ tolerance towards other nations and ethnic groups etc.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):154-159
pages 154-159 views

General methodological aspects of stimulation of self-development in information and communication competence of students in secondary vocational education

Zamara E.V.

Abstract

This article is devoted to consideration of the general methodological aspects of stimulating self-development in information and communication competence of students in secondary vocational education, including the specialty 43.02.10 SPO Tourism, which are related to the personal formation of future professionals who possess information and communication competence, have aspiration for realization in informational and educational sphere and willingness to work in the information field. The article touches upon the basic points and the importance of a subjective position in stimulating self-development in information and communication competence of students in secondary vocational education. The authors identify the function of a subjective position of a student, as a kind of objective formation in information and communication competence, such as: humanitarian, social, adaptive and identification function. The stages of formation of a subjective position of a student are considered in the article. Interrelation of the concepts of «subjectivity», «self-development» with the notion of «information and communication competence» is observed here. In the context of the considered aspects disclosed the structure of information and communication competence together with the following components: cognitive, motivational and integrative. Practical implementation of the general methodological aspect of a subjective position of a student and motivational component of competitiveness is one of the topical issues of educational practice in vocational education system, as it results deepen, extend and elaborate modern concepts of information and communication competence.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):159-162
pages 159-162 views

Contests of concept «art-composition» in context of XXI century art education

Kalinina L.Y.

Abstract

The article discusses the concept of «art composition», that functioning in practice music teachers, teachers of fine arts and literature, teachers of choreography and theater. However, the theoretical foundation of art-composition and content of the concept has not yet been the subject of a special study. At the same time, comprehension of innovative approach in educating to the art, maintenance of artistic education characterized by an orientation on studying – man with a modern world view, it is necessary. A necessity of enriching of thesaurus of school pedagogics was clear, actual terms, «art composition» behaves to the number of that. This study contributes to the problem of a more general nature – the possibility of using polyart creative activities as a means of identification and learning of gifted children. The originality of the art-composition – in the innovative thinking of the modern author, whose seeking to portray the world is not the way it sees, but the way it understands. Results of the creative work can be presented in different art forms, not excluding sketches, improvisations, postmodern «games» with the text. The pedagogical value of the art-composition: the teacher can visually track the progress of the child in the field of aesthetic perception, associative thinking and the work with the material.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):162-165
pages 162-165 views

Features of development and implementation of courses of the educational field «Mathematics» in distance education system

Makarova E.L., Pugach O.I.

Abstract

Effective application of distance technologies, even at the level of individual courses in most universities is faced with a number of organizational, methodological problems. The final design of the regulatory framework the problem of implementation of these technologies in the field of theoretical research and experimental work in the practical implementation of the plane. The authors consider a wide range of problems arising from the mass introduction of e-learning in educational practice, their classification on various grounds. When the authors of the work are based on practical experience in the development of the course «Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science» for students training areas «Teacher Education» profiles «Informatics» and «Computer Science and Foreign Language» on the basis of a learning management system Moodle. Also studied a number of aspects related to the characteristics of the studied subject area (in «Mathematics» example of educational area). We formulate the necessary conditions for effective use of e-learning technologies. These conditions, from the point of view of the authors, speakers, among others participated in the implementation of the university administration, the formation of a uniform by the level of the basic mathematical training a group of students, the formation of a thesaurus (semantic web) course in the classroom working with students, as well as a phased approach to solving complex text assignments, requiring the construction of a formal mathematical model in the subject area. We offer some simple criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of (increased performance and students' motivation, optimization of time working teachers, reducing the number of chronic debtors in the discipline).

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):165-171
pages 165-171 views

Comprehensive assessment of the MA graduates’ readiness for professional work

Mikhelkevich V.N., Kravtsov P.G.

Abstract

In accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education as a result of the development of the graduate program a graduate should develop general cultural, general professional and professional competences in the field of training and educational organization is obliged to provide a guarantee of the quality of graduates. However, educational standards do not regu-late the procedure of evaluation of quality of educational programs mastering, but merely set out com-mon requirements for it. Therefore, for evaluation of students in accordance with their personal achievements to the requirements of the basic educational program of magistracy many universities make their own funds assessment tools to evaluate knowledge, skills and level of item competencies. The article analyzes the existing in the teaching practice assessment systems, based on development levels of separate professional competence components. The authors note that such systems often have a high complexity and a lack of complexity in solving the problem of estimation of master’s graduates’ readiness for professional work. The authors propose an alternative innovative solution to this problem through the use of the complex control fund as a diagnostic tool for the final certification of under-graduates. This corresponds to the guidelines of the educational standards and our evaluative tools as-sess the quality of developed students’ competences as well as the degree of general readiness of grad-uates for professional work. The authors present the experience of designing and use of the complex control tasks fund in the educational process of the Chair of Electric Drive and Industrial Automation of Samara State Technical University.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):171-176
pages 171-176 views

Comparative analysis of cadets’ satisfaction with vocational training in departmental institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia

Oshchepkova O.V., Popov I.V.

Abstract

Satisfaction of students of higher educational institutions with their professional activities in today’s reality is one of the key indicators which diagnoses the quality of specialists’ training and efficiency of professional competence development. Satisfaction assumes personal student’s inclusion in educational process which is inseparably linked with the personality relation to the quality of these or those objects, to living conditions and activity as well as to himself or herself. The assessment is the most important element of the emotional sphere of the person, emotions stimulate motivation to activity. We understand the integrated characteristic including motivational and emotional spheres of the personality as satisfaction. This estimated relations between trainers according to the activity which they carry out, its results and implementation conditions. Vocational training of cadets is carried out in specific conditions of their stay in barracks on the territory of departmental higher education institution. In the integrated characteristic of satisfaction of trainees vocational training included three criteria: satisfaction with the educational process; satisfaction with extracurricular activities; relationship satisfaction. The first criterion contains satisfaction: 1) organization of educational process; 2) level of teachers’ professionalism; 3) quality of teaching. We put satisfaction indicators into the second criterion: 1) organization of work of circles, sections and clubs; 2) organization of sports and mass actions; 3) organization of events which help to develop professional competence of a future officer of Penitentiary system. The third criterion assumes satisfaction with relations with teachers, with collective and the direct management. Questioning of the 2nd and the 5th year cadets of Samara Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia showed that by the 5th course the positive tendency in a satisfaction assessment is found with vocational training. The criterion «satisfaction with extracurricular activities» needs a separate additional analysis, as by the 5th course the amount of students satisfied with circles, sections and clubs is less than a third of a total number of the course students. By the third criterion some complexity in relationship with the direct management (with commanders of front divisions) is found out and it also should become a subject of special additional consideration.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):176-181
pages 176-181 views

Integrative training of engineer in globalized world

Starshinova T.A., Larionova O.A., Saifullin R.S.

Abstract

In this article we consider an integrative training of the engineer in the globalized world. On the basis of the analysis of the international division of labor and interaction in the field of equipment and technologies which the modern engineer faces, we note the necessity of effective interaction of the international teams. We come to light the problem of insufficient level of training of engineers within the modern higher technical education which is differing in own specifics in the different countries, where education is focused on the regional level of training of specialists. It is noted that the international activity based on the international division of labor demands global training of engineers. The analysis of publications concerning global competence, the analysis of determination of cross-cultural competence, and also the analysis of requirements of the international accreditation agencies allows to select four main characteristics of globally competent engineer: to take into account ethnic aspects of society, the nature and safety; to understand the profession and technical aspects in a global context; to be able to work in interdisciplinary and international teams; to be able to carry on dialogue in a cross-cultural and international context. The conducted research has shown that the selected characteristics are integrative qualities of the personality and the engineer who possesses such characteristics will be able to represent the country at the international level adequately and to work at an innovative factory. As a solution of the problem of modern engineers training authors offer formation of global competence of the engineer due to integrative approach in education.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):181-184
pages 181-184 views

Special aspects of academic bachelors’ mathematical training

Stelmah Y.G.

Abstract

The analysis of federal state educational standards of higher education (FSES) allowed to identify the research activity and different kinds of project activities (design and project ones) as one of the basic standards for academic bachelor programmes of various courses. A graduate that has mastered this programme should be ready to meet the professional challenges demanding from him specific knowledge and skills in different fields, including Mathematics and he should obtain them while studying at university. Specific aspects of academic bachelors’ mathematical training should be taken into consideration in terms of academic activities. In this article we interpret the aspects of academic bachelors’ mathematical training as the academic activities based on personalizing the academic studies and implying an efficient combination of teaching ready to learn knowledge and the ways of its obtaining while solving the goals corresponding in their structures to the types of professional activities. At the same time we consider the personalizing of the academic studies as the process of projecting their own studies by the students themselves. The carried out analysis of scientific literature, of kinds of professional activity and of Mathematics activities allowed to specify the following features of bachelors’ mathematical training: Mathematics is a research tool for most sciences and for facing professional challenges; an academic potential is expressed in mindset formation; there is a high level of fundamentalization of mathematic operations while facing future professional goals.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):185-189
pages 185-189 views

Meta-subject competence development of future bachelors and specialists

Timoschuk N.A.

Abstract

Federal State Educational Standard of basic common education sets the demands to personal, meta-subject and subject results of learning after basic educational program of common education. So, according to the succession principle we should develop the competence of the students following these three directions transforming them into educational environment of the university. Thus, meta-subject competence should include ability to use intersubject definitions and universal learning activities performing them at learning, knowledge and social practice. The achievement of meta-subject results is connected with the nature of universal activity. The basis of nature-coordinated education should be basic values – and the most important is morality which is formed from the human nature. That is why the standards of the second generation formulate four blocks of universal learning activities: personal, regulative, common knowledge and communicative. According to their nature meta-subject activities are functional-oriented ones and they form the psychological basis and determine condition of the success of subject task solution. Meta-subject competence development supposes various forms of studying process organization. Problem learning implies active interrelation of the subjects of learning process allowing to form such students’ categories as «readiness», «activeness», «ability to appreciate» which are the key ones for the term «competence». One of such organization forms can be the business game which can be used as the means of diagnosis and forecast of personal behavior in various situations. Project technology is also aimed to develop wide range of competence and creative abilities and that is why it suggests the integrity of research, searching, problem solving and comparison methods. It has been shown that nowadays the role of each discipline in meta-subject competence development has been growing rapidly.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(2):189-194
pages 189-194 views

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