Vol 7, No 1 (2018)

Samara State Social and Pedagogical University is the oldest higher educational institution in the Samara region. Founded in 1911 as a teacher's institute, it immediately began to position itself as a humanitarian institution. This direction remains the leading one at the present time. The preservation of the humanitarian component is a merit of our team, since in the conditions of a modern technocratic society it is the humanities and pedagogical sciences that preserve the humanistic component of Russia.

The structure of geographical (arealogical) elements is one of the most important flora characteristics, because genetic composite groups are established on the basics of generic and species areas analysis and regularities of flora formation are determined. The object of the research is a complete species composition of vascular plants, revealed within the boundaries of the researched forest-steppes - Krasnoyarsk, Kansk and Achinsk (Krasnoyarsk Region). The North forest-steppes flora was detected by the specific flora method established by A.I. Tolmachev. The aim of this work is to summarize materials of the Euro-Siberian geographical element flora structure in the North forest-steppes ecosystems of the Middle Siberia with the characteristics of geographical elements selected on the basis of the fitohorions concept. It is based on the accordance principle of species distribution to natural (Botanical-geographical) zoning of the Earth. To determine the areas we used modern planetary floristic zoning established by A.L. Takhtajan with some amendments: floristic zoning by L.I. Malysheva was taken into account to Siberia, etc., the Russian Far East - by R.V. Camelina. As a result of the work geographical elements of the boreal group were assigned: Circumboreal (133 species, 9,6% of the whole flora), Eurosiberian (384 species, 27,7%), Pontic-South Siberian (81 species, 5,85%), Siberian (154 species, 11,12%).

The paper presents the results of a long-term research (2001-2011) of the Viviparus viviparus L. population of the Malaya Kokshaga River, which is the 42nd left tributary of the Volga River and flows through the territory of the Mari El Republic. Density, biomass, sex structure and age structure of this population were the items of the investigation. The author defined the infestation of the gastropods by the trematode parthenites and the effect of parasites on the content of carotenoid pigments in the tissues of mollusks. A three-mark infestation scale was developed to determine the intensity of infestation. Throughout the whole study period, the infestation of V. viviparus by the trematode parthenites was consistently high. More than 50% of all individuals were infected by the larvae of various trematodes at all stages of development. Significant differences in the infestation of males and females were not registered. The author marked the influence of trematode invasion on the content of carotenoids. The infected individuals of both sexes in spring as well as in summer showed a higher content of carotenoids than uninfected ones. The V. viviparus population of the Malaya Kokshaga River was dominated by one year’s age individuals with a shell height of 18,0-25,9 mm. The sex structure of the V.viviparus population of the Malaya Kokshaga River was stable for the whole period of the research. The predominance of males or females in the population is insignificant. There are no significant differences in the number and biomass of V. viviparus over the years.

The paper deals with the features of chemical elements accumulation in the blood of the population living on the territories close to the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site. The investigated territories as a result of earlier conducted radioecological research by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan are referred to different zones of radiation risk. As a control area, the settlement of Kokpekty, referring to the minimum radiation risk zone, was chosen with a radiation dose of 0,1 to 7 cSv obtained for the entire test period. The study of the elemental composition of the blood of the population exposed to different dose irradiation on this territory has been carried out for the first time. A comparison was made of the concentrations of 28 chemical elements determined by the instrumental neutron activation analysis in the blood of the population of various radiation risk zones. The summary indicators of chemical elements accumulation in human blood, characterizing the levels of established dose loads of the population, are calculated. Biogeochemical series of chemical elements accumulation in the blood of the population of the considered settlements, relative to the general average on the territory, have been built. The elements that make the main contribution to the total index of chemical elements accumulation in the blood of the population of the investigated radiation risk zones have been established. In general, it has been shown that the elemental composition of human blood can reflect the general radioecological situation of the territory.

Plants are extremely sensitive to the environment, because they assimilate substances simultaneously from two environments: from soil and air. In connection with the fact that plants lead an attached way of life, the state of their organism reflects the state of a particular local habitat. Since vegetation is directly affected by unfavorable factors, it allows the researcher to evaluate the entire complex of negative impacts exerted by the enterprise on whose territory they grow. This paper is devoted to the analysis of fluctuating asymmetry of sheet plates as an indicator of the quality of the environment. The coefficient of fluctuating asymmetry is often used to estimate the level of contamination of a particular area, taking into account the species-specific reaction of plants to unfavorable factors. A conclusion about the stability of the development of vegetation growing on the territory under investigation is made on the basis of the obtained value of the coefficient of fluctuating asymmetry. An important indicator of the state of the air environment is the condition of coniferous trees, in addition to the asymmetry of the leaves of tree plantations: the degree of defoliation of the crowns, the yellowing of the needles, the number of cones and the growth of shoots. The assessment of the life condition of coniferous trees was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the data relating to all of the above parameters established for the trees.

The paper presents a taxonomic analysis of saline habitats flora of the southern Urals. The authors have established vegetation of 317 types of glycophytic and halophytic higher plants belonging to 172 genera and 44 families on the saline soils of the southern Urals (including adjacent territories). The number of halophytic species in the studied area is low and estimated at 59 or 18,6% of the total number of species. Among them are representatives of the genus Limonium, of the family Chenopodiaceae - Halimione verrucifera , Salicorna perennans , Suaeda acuminata , S. corniculata , S. prostrata ; family Asteraceae - Artemisia lerchiana , A. nitrosa , Cirsium esculentum , family Poaceae - Hordeum brevisubulatum , Puccinellia distans , etc. The vast majority of flora - 316 species (99,9%) - belong to the division Magnoliophyta, 251 species (79,4%) are Magnoliopsida members and 65 (20,6%) are registered in the class Liliopsida. The ratio of monocots and dicots is expressed in a proportion of 1: 3,8. The largest families in saline soils flora of the southern Urals are: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Apiaceae, Rosaceae. Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae number of species from 57 to 9, in total 247 species. There is a clear predominance of the hemicryptophytes - 232, 19 geoview, 11 - geloview, biennials - 9; one - biennials - 4, tirefits - 56, hamiphites - 19, nano phanerophytes - 5, - 1 phanerophytes. In halophytic communities on salted soils that form complexes with glycophyte ones 4 of relict and endemic species Koeleria sclerophylla , Glycyrrhiza korshinskyi , Nanophyton erinaceum , Ephedra distachya meet, 27 are in need of protection, including 4 halophyt ( Frankenia hirsuta , Limonium bellidifolium , L. macrorhizon , L. suffruticosum ).

The paper deals with one of the aspects of bird early ontogenesis biology - egg incubation duration, which was defined as the time interval between egg laying and hatching from it. The oomorphological parameters are determined taking into account the ordinal number of the laid eggs. Parameters of early ontogeny of birds are studied on the example of colonially nesting species: blackberry toadstool ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm.) and lake gull ( Larus ridibundus L.). Within the colonial settlement of these species, the biological center and the periphery of the colony were isolated. When studying the parameters of early ontogeny of birds and oomorphological characteristics, the same number of eggs was taken into account. During field and laboratory studies it was found that the incubation of eggs lasts longer in eggs from the nests of the biological center of the colony. The first eggs are incubated longer. These features clearly manifested in the early ontogeny of the gull. The increase in the egg incubation duration occurs against the background of an increase in their mass and a decrease in the concentration of lysozyme in the protein shell of the egg. Egg incubation duration is one of the results of embryonalization as a way of evolution of ontogeny. The manifestation of the results of embryogenesis was revealed for the first eggs in the nests of the biological center of the colony. Embryonalization leads to an increase in egg incubation duration as well as to a decrease in the intensity of elimination in early ontogenesis, which affects the number of individuals breeding in the colony and, accordingly, the structure of the colonial settlement of birds.

The presence of 267 vascular plants species from 190 genera, 63 families, 26 orders, 4 classes (Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida, Pinopsida, Angiospermae) and 3 divisions (Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Spermatophyta) was established for Kuznetsov Mountain. The absolute majority of species belong to Spermatophyta (258 species, 96,7%), Angiospermae (257 species, 96,3%), Dicotyledones (228 species, 85,4%). Vascular spore plants are represented by 9 species belonging to 6 genera ( Equisetum , Matteuccia , Athyrium , Cystopteris , Dryopteris , Pteridium ), 5 families (Equisetaceae, Onocleaceae, Woodsiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae), 2 classes (Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida) and 2 divisions (Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta). The leading families according the species diversity are Compositae (44 species, 16,5%), Leguminosae (22 species, 8,2%) and Rosaceae (18 species, 6,7%). The leading families according the number of genera are Compositae (29 genera, 15,3%), Rosaceae (14 genera, 7,4%) and Labiatae (13 genera, 6,8%). The largest number of species is concentrated in the genera Trifolium (7 species), Viola , Campanula , Galium and Carex (4 species each). According to the climamorphic system of K. Raunkiaer, hemicryptophytes predominate in the flora (148 species, 55,4%). According to the biomorph system I.G. Serebryakov and T.I. Serebryakova - perennial polycarpic short-stemmed, long-rooted, and rod-root grasses (47,0%) predominate. 76,8% of the species are vegetatively still and immobile.

The paper contains results of introduced study of species, hybrids and sorts of Deutzia Thunb. genus in the South-Ural botanical garden-institute (Ufa). The collection of Deutzia is one of the largest among ornamental shrubs in the botanical garden. The objects of researches were 12 species, 10 hybrids and sorts of Deutzia . Introduced researches of all taxons were conducted within 10 years (2007-2017). Throughout the entire period of observations the following indicators were annually estimated: lignification of escapes, winter hardiness, preservation of a form of growth, sprout-formation ability, a gain in height, generative development, possible ways of reproduction in the culture. The analysis of the obtained data shows that specific taxons are belong to three groups: quite perspective, perspective and less perspective. The greatest possible indicators characterize 3 species - D. amurensis , D. glabrata, D. parviflora . All of them can be recommended for broad application in gardening of settlements of the Bashkortostan Republic. Perspective and less perspective groups contained 4 species each. Hybrids and sorts in the collection belong to three groups: perspective (II), less perspective (III) completely unusable (VI); in the latter group contains one hybrid.

The paper summarizes the study of ecological characteristics of the Railways flora in the Middle Volga Region. The author comes to the conclusion that in most cases there aren’t any significant differences between aboriginal and alien species of the Railways flora, as well as their settlement of functional zones. The most significant differences have been recorded between aboriginal and alien species in the addition of families, which in turn does not have a decisive role in their addition to the flora as a whole. The author thinks that ecological features of the territory of individual growth are more important than biological features of species and families in the formation of the Railways flora. The developed «scale of oppression» allowed to determine characteristics of a particular individual. In the course of the research the dependence between the degree of oppression of plant organisms and the distance to the railroad tracks was established. The author found no significant differences in reactogenicity between the indigenous and alien species at active human impact on the Railways - both groups showed similar trends of oppression.

The paper presents characteristics of lilac flowering duration in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. When selecting prospective species and sorts for landscaping purposes for each region, it is necessary to obtain a comprehensive assessment of decorative features. Lilac is now widely used in green building and is one of the most popular ornamental shrubs. The duration of flowering is one of the most important characteristics of ornamental plants and determines the decorative effect of the entire landscape composition. The paper presents the study results of the flowering duration of 11 species and 33 sorts of lilacs of the botanical garden collection for the last 7 years (2011-2017). The results obtained are shown in comparison with the data of earlier studies (2005-2009). The data analysis showed that in 2011-2017 the average lilac species flowering duration was 7-15, and that of varieties 13-15 days, which is 5-6 days shorter than the flowering period of the same taxa in 2005-2009. It is established that such a result is a consequence of changes in the climatic situation in the region. The obtained data on the lilac species flowering duration in Ufa, as well as the influence of climatic conditions on it, make it possible to successfully apply the studied species and varieties of lilacs for landscape design purposes in the Republic of Bashkortostan and adjacent territories.

The paper presents data on the content of gross and mobile forms of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in the soils of Chita and its surroundings. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the accumulation (Kn) and movement (KP) coefficients of these microelements in organs ( Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd. ex Schlecht.), relative to their gross content and mobile forms in soils. The authors have revealed that soil samples of the studied sites contain unequal gross amount of heavy metals. In some points (6 and 3) the content of cadmium and zinc exceeded the Mac, that is why such soils have been attributed to heavily polluted. The index of biological activity on mobile forms of heavy metals in all sites significantly exceeded the same index on gross forms. It was found that Potentilla tanacetifolia are accumulators of heavy metal ions. Aboveground bodies accumulate and absorb cadmium and copper especially intensively, thus the content of mobile forms of these metals in the soil is insignificant. Excessive adsorption of trace elements in the phytomass of plants can be connected with surface contamination. According to the content of zinc and lead, the accumulation values in the organs of P. tanacetifolia were characterized by small coefficient values, against the background of their high concentration in the soil.

The paper contains a classification of lime trees according to the method of Brown-Blanke and ordination based on isolated syntaxonomic units in the southern part of the Tyumen Region. The material for this study was 115 geobotanical descriptions of the lime trees in the southern part of the Tyumen Region. Syntaxonomic diversity of lime trees on the territory of three regions in the south of the Tyumen Region in the system of ecological and floral classification includes 8 associations and 6 variants belonging to 3 orders, 3 unions and 2 classes: Asaro europaei - Abietetea sibiriacae and Brachypodio pinnate - Betuletea pendulae . Forests of the selected associations and variants are distributed by various relationships to humidification conditions from the more humid to the steppe forests. To study the syntaxonomic diversity of lime trees, a multifactorial gradient analysis was used, where a combination of several environmental factors was simultaneously considered. Average values for four soil scales of D.N. Tsyganov and two scales of A.Yu. Korolyuk discovered 12 patterns of syntaxonomic units that revealed a certain pattern of distribution on the ordinate axis with concentration from dry forests to moist forests. The main gradient factor of location in the ecological area of lime trees associations is the presence of moisture in the soil.

In archeology, there are several approaches to assessing the monuments of the Pokrovsky and the logs of the final stage of the middle - the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, in the Middle Volga Region. The paper presents the results of these studies in archaeology on this topic: Pokrovsky and srubna culture funerary traditions of the late Bronze Age of the Samara Region (world-view positions). As the title suggests the paper is devoted to the problem of differences and ideological justification of funerary traditions of the pokrovsky and srubna culture of the Samara Region. The main objective of the paper is to provide theoretical understanding of the concept of chronology and description of the funerary traditions of cultures. The work consists of an introductory part (historiography), the main part (description of the burial of the Pokrovskaya and srubna culture) and conclusions (ideological substantiation of their funeral traditions). It also presents prospects for further research in this area. At the end of the paper the author analyzes burials of both cultures and the ideological justification of the funerary traditions. The paper has practical significance.

The paper deals with the early-medieval clay plastic arts of the Ob-Irtysh interfluves. It is an important and informative source that helps to consider some problems of West Siberia archaeology. For more than a century-old-archaeological study of the region, a small but considerably representative collection of clay plastic images referred to the early Middle Ages has been gathered. The paper is devoted to the complex analysis (i.e. morphology, semantics and functional use) of the early-medieval clay plastic arts of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve period. Special attention is paid to the history of the study of clay plastic arts in the Russian archaeology and to ethno cultural peculiarities of the early-medieval Ob-Irtysh interfluve. The paper reviews and generalizes a variety of items of early-medieval clay plastic arts known on the archaeological sites of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve. The items of clay plastic arts have been comprehensively analyzed: their morphological traits have been studied, stylistic analysis has been made and the location of the figurines on the archaeological sites has been described. Semantic analysis of two large types of images has been carried out. It has been suggested that the Potchevash culture bearers had a complicated ideology concerned with the field and stock-raising cults with such attributes as the items of the small statuary imaging horses and moose.

The article deals with one of the aspects of the cardinal reform of the city that took place in the reign of Catherine II. The reform of the city, taking place within the framework of the administrative and territorial reform of Catherine II, was closely related to the process of creating a network of new «small» provinces and the formation of a network of cities and urban settlements in each of the new entities administrative. The city network (a network of cities and urban settlements) was a complex (rather than a set) of settlements of a particular region, having (in the presentation of contemporaries) the status of the city or its official signs. In the course of its existence, a distribution of functions occurred within the network. The set of functions inherent in different urban settlements, determines their character and face in the broadest sense of the word. All functions can be conditionally divided into two groups: administrative and economic. In our study, attention was drawn to the approval of a set of administrative functions outside the city as part of the country’s spatial and settlement to the establishment of certain types of cities and urban settlements, with a set of features and responsibilities. In this case, between the types of settlements a stable hierarchy as administrative centers established. The reason for its appearance is wider than the need for formal subjection. The network of cities and urban settlements of the country, established by the beginning of the XIX century, was complex with a heterogeneous structure. It included settlements, officially called cities according to the rules of its time, and other structures that do not belong to this group. The latter also performed city functions and were considered contemporaries on a par with the «official» cities, separating themselves from rural settlements. The name of settlements did not always correspond to their economic quality. Along with the administrative type of cities, there were intermediate forms of urban settlements, which, according to the norms of that time, did not apply to cities (non-resident cities, supernumerary cities, settlements, small towns). In addition, archaic forms of settlements connected with cities and partly fulfilling their functions, were preserved. An important peculiarity of this historical period is the simultaneous existence of numerous and diverse forms of urban settlements including archaic ones. This circumstance is caused by the transitional nature of the time, the implementation of administrative reform, as well as the desire of the authorities to implement the process of transformation without a radical breakdown and social protest.

The paper explores the influence of pedagogical concept of «free education» on the formation of the world view of adolescents from the noble-intelligent families of Russia at the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX century. Attention is drawn to the fact that this pedagogical setup could be fully realized only in elite educational institutions. It is concluded that the «new ideological parents» and «advanced schools» carried out a single educational approach, focused on formation of a special intelligentsia opposition, accepting, or even supporting, all means in the struggle of «citizens» for «freedom». Despite the fact that the group of «new ideological parents» could not have been a mass phenomenon by the beginning of the XX century, it, at the same time, spread its influence both to the rest of educated population of the country and to the Ministry of Public Education, which, in favor of advanced pedagogy, agreed on the widespread introduction of individual ideas of free education in secondary schools. As a result of purposeful efforts of family and school, young people from the early youth were drawn into political activity, which became one of the essential factors of the revolutionization of the Russian society.

In the period from December 1921 to August 1923 in the Samara Region, the expedition of the Swedish Red Cross carried out humanitarian activities. The paper presents the personnel structure and the principles of the expedition management. The paper also presents the staff and the principles for the expedition management. The staff of the expedition are personified with their positions and responsibilities. The author specifies the reasons for the growing increase in the expedition staff The basic data presented in the paper is a result of a three-month research at the National Archives of Sweden (Riksarkivet). The paper presents the point of view of the Soviet authorities on the effectiveness of the work of the Swedish Cross. All the main administrative districts of the Samara province, where the Swedish Red Cross delegates worked, are specified. The materials, presented in the paper, expand our understanding of the activities of foreign humanitarian missions in the Volga Region in 1921-1923 and can be used to analyze the effectiveness of the expedition of the Swedish Red Cross in the Samara province in this period.

The paper is devoted to one of the iconic pages in the history of academic science - the 200th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences. A broad program of the «science holiday» on an international scale with the invitation of foreign scientists, pointed to the scientific and political significance of the event, both to raise the prestige of the Academy of Sciences, and to demonstrate to the international community the loyalty of the scientific elite to the new government. Researchers repeatedly turned to the analysis of this event and stressed its importance. However, on the eve of the next anniversary, it is interesting to show this event from an unofficial position, attracting sources of personal origin. The paper focuses on the unpublished memoirs of Pavel Vladimirovich Ivanov (1906-1990), scientist-teacher, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, honored teacher of the Karelian ASSR. In 1925 he as a young local historian from the city of Soligalich of the Kostroma province became a participant of the academic celebrations. The impressions of this event predetermined his future destiny and choice of profession. P.V. Ivanov having traveled from a pupil of a rural school, keen on local lore studies, to a schoolteacher, and then a university professor, laid down in his students - future teachers - the idea to raise the pupils’ interest, love and desire for young naturalists’, local lore, scientific and research work.

The paper examines creation and application history of cave space in catacomb movement of the Russian Orthodox Church on the territory of the Don and the Volga Region in 1920-1940s. Development of cave digging on these territories was promoted by the fact of their frontier position, allowing searching for a «hiding place for the ideas, differing from the mainstream society». The caves use as shelters and places of worship in the Don Region is exemplified by the territory of Voronezh Region, where in the revolution period caves were dug in the chalk mass near the village of Karayashnik, and traditionally honored by the people loci of sacred space were used like caves in Divnogorye and on Shatrishche Mount. Caves near the village of Karayashnik were used as a place of worship by a conservative part of peasants being supporters of both the Patriarchal Church and the ‘Fedorovtsy’ sect. Caves in Divnogorye were used by Joanites sect, caves on Shatrishche Mount were used by so-called True Orthodox Church. In addition to the chalk caves in the Don Region people used underground of houses as secret places of worship. Examples of such undergrounds are hidden caves in the villages of Troitskoe and Novopokrovka, equipped by one of communities of so-called True Orthodox Christians. The paper considers caves use in the Volga Region through the example of the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, where communities of the True Orthodox Church acted, creating cult undergrounds under houses in the town of Bugulma and villages of Akkireevo, Zabugorovka, Crym-Saray Naumovka and Novoe Ilmovo. Together with territories of personal farmsteads, caves were created outside villages, usually in a forest zone. For example, near the village of Novosheshminsk there was an underground monastery, near villages of Volchya Sloboda and Elantovo there were underground temples. Activities of the underground religious communities referred to in the paper were ceased due to state punitive measures.

In the spring and summer of 2017 personal files of the Soviet Union Heroes Vladimir Mikhaylovich Mikheyev, Alexander Mitrofanovich Bondarev and Alexander Vasilyevich Novikov were found in archives of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education (SSUSSE). Their names and feats made during the Great Patriotic War were known. However thanks to the found documents the authors managed to connect them with the pedagogical university for the first time. Established facts were supported by the documents of Samara State Archive of Social and Political History (SSASPH). On November 7, 2017 the memorial plate with images of heroes and dates of their training at the pedagogical university were created and placed on the university building (L. Tolstoy St., 47). In November-December of the same year personal records of two more Soviet Union Heroes - Boris Mikhaylovich Padalko and Mikhail Yakovlevich Romanov were found in archive of SSUSSE. They also graduated from Kuibyshev pedagogical university after the war. The received materials have been confirmed with the materials of SSASPH again. The paper considers new facts of life and activity of five Soviet Union Heroes of 1941-1945 on the basis of personal records which are stored in archives of SSUSSE and SSASPH. The number of the heroes who graduated from Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education as well as the number of the Soviet Union Heroes of the Samara Region has successfully increased.

The following paper deals with mechanisms for working out compromise solutions when discussing the plan for the USSR national economy development in 1951-1955. The sources analysis (notes of ministries heads to the government, the Gosplan’s reports and its projects for the development of the Soviet economy for the period 1951-1955) shows there were disagreements between the central planning body and the economic agencies. The position of the State Planning Committee, which sought to draw up a balanced plan, consisted in the allocation of resources and economic obligations between ministries. The ministries, for their part, were inclined to offer lower figures for the growth of production indicators and overestimated amounts of resources to implement the plans. Divergences in positions were regulated by a special interdepartmental commission on disagreements, its proposals were taken as a basis by the government and the State Planning Committee to amend the current and future planning of the industrial development of the USSR. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the planned economy was actually the economy of «approvals». In this system, government directives were viewed as a result of an interagency struggle between «planners» and «production workers», where the State Planning Committee counterbalanced the ambitions of ministries. However, active «lobbyism» of ministers limited the possibilities of «planners», as evidenced by the documents of the Dispute Commission.

The paper presents theoretical and methodological foundations for the construction and practical implementation of the pedagogical system of military-professional competencies development of prospective reserve officers of the RF armed forces. The authors justify the urgency of social and economic expediency and specificity of the reserved for the Armed Forces officers’ training in civil technical universities. The authors give theoretical and experimentally confirmed justification of content and structure of military-professional competence of the reserved future officer. The authors have generalized an algorithmic model of pedagogical system of students’ (prospective reserve officers of the military-professionals) competence development. Its structure contains ten functional, interrelated and consistently implemented blocks. The authors describe a functional purpose and essential content of each block of the system model. Special attention is given to the modular technology of military-professional competence development, principles of organization, methods and techniques of its implementation. The authors provide data of a pedagogical experiment that identifies students’ level of military-professional competence development in the experimental and control groups at the levels of their cognitive, operational and activity components development.

The article is devoted to the problem of training a future employee of the penal system, which is able to build relationships with surrounding people, including people who have transgressed the law and who serve punishment on humanistic grounds. The urgency of humanistic interaction in the conditions of the criminal executive system is argued from the position of the idea: «a person by nature - i.e. initially, essentially - good». The author proposes a definition of a humanistic interaction between a cadet and a future employee of the criminal executive system with a person as a special type of relationship that fixes the understanding of the values and actions of another person; actualizing moral, humanistic values; reflecting the content of their own actions and actions in relation to the other; reflecting the perception of the spiritual world of another person. The textual-dialogical approach in education is presented as a learning strategy, as an educational technology, as a scientific approach. The content of the textual-dialogical approach to the development of cadets-future employees of the penal-executive system ability for humanistic interaction with a person is revealed through the content of the concepts «text» and «dialogue». It is justified that the texts presented to cadets while developing their ability should, firstly, contain such knowledge, which, speaking in the meaning of humanistic values, allows students to interact with other people on the basis of these values; secondly, to meet the criteria of significance, accessibility and credibility. It is shown that, in the context of dialogues, cadets acquire personal experience of humanistic interaction with other people, which allows them to choose a humanistic oriented sense of dialogical interaction with another, find ways of interaction with another person that are adequate for this situation, and reflect their attitude to another.

The paper is devoted to the problem of training specialists in the field of regional environmental management. Environmental management in maritime regions of the Russian Federation has its own characteristics related to the inclusion of marine areas in the processes of natural resources extraction, protection and restoration of their reserves. The labor market of maritime regions requires bachelors and masters majoring in «Ecology and Nature» and «Geography», understanding of the maritime region as a special geosystem. Methodological development of the training model allows us to define the vector of students’ professional competence development in the field of regional environmental management. The authors present their vision of this model, including justification of approaches, definition of principles for establishing the objectives, selection of content, organization of learning process and evaluation of results of training of ecologists and geographers in maritime region. The authors think that system and environmental approaches most effectively enable the training of students in activities of professional communities. Learning outcomes of students - ecologists and geographers within the framework of the proposed model meet the needs of the labor market of the maritime region, and may be the basis for the development of the professional standard «Specialist in the field of environmental management».

The paper raises a question of assessing professional and legal competence of bachelors majoring in social work at university. Professional and legal competence is a professional property of a graduate in the field of social work, which can effectively solve professional problems in the field of legal regulation of social protection of the population. Attention is paid to the relevance of this professional quality among specialists for modern Russia. The instrument of its evaluation is the criteria-evaluation apparatus, including motivational criterion (indicators: educational, professional motives, interest in law); content-cognitive criterion (indicators: knowledge of the theory of states and law, main branches of Russian law, knowledge of legal acts in the field of regulation of social protection of the population); creative activity criterion (indicators: ability to apply skills and abilities for solving professional and legal problems, sequence of tasks, knowledge of methods of search, analysis and application of normative legal acts in the field of social protection of the population); regulatory and reflexive criteria (indicators: stability in behavior, self-assessment of cognitive activity and sequence of tasks). The paper contains a brief review of research on the development of criteria and indicators for assessing various pedagogical phenomena. The author focuses on the systematic approach as a methodological basis for the analysis of the criteria-evaluation apparatus, which proposes to be considered as an integrative integrity, including the purpose, object, subjects, subject, content and result. Criteria-evaluation apparatus of bachelors’ professional and legal competence development can be used in the system of advanced training of specialists in social work.

The paper deals with the problem of interrelation between education, upbringing and training of students while studying natural sciences, which has always been interesting for teachers and methodologists. This problem is especially urgent now in connection with the further implementation of the GEF of secondary general education, which aims the school to create conditions for students’ development and self-realization. The paper considers interpretation of the relationship between teaching, upbringing and development in the educational process in Russian pedagogy in the period up to 1917. It is noted that views on education and upbringing of children in Russia and Europe developed roughly at the same time. Throughout the entire historical period, there was a struggle between supporters of the new education, advocating rapprochement with advanced Russian and Western European science and Russian clergy, preaching church dogma and their opponents, denying any development at all. Long enough unresolved problems were the lack of unified programs for all educational institutions and established terms of training. Principal changes in the system of domestic education are associated with scientific and pedagogical activities of M.V. Lomonosov and his followers. It emphasizes the importance of the idea that appeared in the writings of teachers in the middle of the 19th century. It advised to take into account the age and individual inclinations of children and develop a new methodology based on children’s activity and independence, which made it possible to pass to the inductive path of instruction. The process of natural science study from the nineteenth century is regarded as the most effective means of developing the sense organs, logical thinking and observation. It also explains the need to combine inductive and deductive teaching methods and justifies the need to use natural objects, experiments and observations in nature for students’ development.

The paper deals with integrative and modular technology of teaching General Chemistry to medical students that was developed and implemented at Chemistry Department of Siberian State Medical University. To design educational programs, the paradigm of training was exchanged to the paradigm of productive exercises with greater independence of students who become designers of their own knowledge, professional and universal competences. The content block of this discipline consists of two components: invariant and variant. Invariant component includes elective course on the chemistry of biologically active compounds. The paper describes the use of combination of academic and innovative methods and technologies of training. An approximate algorithm is offered for the course module, which focuses on the adsorption equilibrium and processes. It includes theoretical training, provided by textbooks, lecture text and teaching aids. Students assess the quality of academic work on their own with the help of tests and in the implementation of practical tasks in laboratory studies.

The paper deals with problems of industry experts’ professional development. The author reveals problems of additional educational programs of engineering personnel training. The author reveals conditions that help to create a system of intra-corporate training in the system of additional professional education on the basis of engineering pedagogy achievements. The following methodological approaches are chosen: competence-based, akmeological and andragogical. These approaches provide orientation to progressive professional development and self-development, creative self-realization in the professional sphere and consider individual experience of each listener. Professional standards define competences which have to be developed. The author shows that in the course of additional professional education developed competences have integrative character, i.e. they have to unite all training results. Competence content includes traditional results of education - knowledge, abilities and skills as well as personal components: ability of an individual to solve professional problems, mobilizing at the same time all internal and external resources. The author shows possibilities of the «Pedagogical skills of intra-corporate training teacher» program. It is defined that the teacher needs to develop methodical competence. Indicators of teachers’ methodical competence assessment are developed.