Candidate of Historical Sciences
кандидат исторических наук
The study has two purposes. The first one is an overview of potential oral sources. The second is a practical application of the oral history methods and ways of analysis and interpretation of interview data facilitating subjectivity study. In the research, subjectivity is a set of beliefs, experiences, feelings, perceptions and preferences which are belong to the certain individual and form an opinion about of oneself and the environment. Subjectivity show itself as an attitude towards the city, society where a person lived and performed activities, as well as the events experienced. We used oral witness where the narrator told events from his point of view. This creates potential for study subjectivity via oral history methods which subject is perception of past phenomena and processes by an individual with his views and worldview. The materials obtained during the interview are first introduced into research. As the oral history method, we used depth targeted interview allowing to obtain detailed information on the respondent’s perceptions and feelings, his vision of the historical period when he makes his past based on life experience thereby demonstrating subjectivity. For the analysis of the oral sources, we used а narrative method. It based on the linguistic interpretation of a text which is embodied with highlighting semantic dominants, analysis of vocabulary, a way of pronunciation and construction of phrases. It allows you to identify the emotional assessment of the events broadcast by the narrator, as well as the feelings, moods and experiences associated with them. In the reconstructive cross-sectional analysis, we reveal new facts, their confirmation and detailing using oral evidence, combined with other types of sources. Thereby reconstructing the perception of events or phenomena. Finally, the citation method is based on the analysis of a set of statements devoted to a particular issue, which helps to elucidate the perception of the studied phenomenon from new angles.
As a result, based on the potential of the considered methods which purpose are identifying and reconstruction subjectivity, the use of the oral sources for its study seems quite perspective.
Цель исследования – обзор потенциальных возможностей устных источников и применение на практике методов устной истории, а также способов анализа и интерпретации материалов интервью, способствующих изучению субъективности. В нашем исследовании субъективность – совокупность убеждений, опыта, чувств, восприятий и предпочтений, присущих конкретному индивиду и составляющих как мнение о самом себе, так и об окружающем мире. Субъективность проявляется в отношении к городу, обществу, где человек проживал и вел деятельность, а также пережитым событиям. Нами использовались устные свидетельства, в которых рассказчик транслирует свое видение событий, что создает перспективы для изучения субъективности методами устной истории, предметом которой является восприятие прошлых явлений и процессов личностью с ее взглядами и мировоззрением. Полученные в ходе интервьюирования материалы впервые вводятся в научный оборот. В рамках метода устной истории нами применялось глубинное целевое интервью, позволяющее получить подробные сведения на предмет восприятия и