On the Physical Representation of Quantum Systems

The Schrödinger equation for bound states depends on a second derivative, that only exists if the solution is continuous, which is - by itself - contradictory, and cannot be digitally calculated. Photons can be created in-phase by stimulated emission or annihilated by spontaneous absorption, and break the LEM, more likely at lower frequencies, and even in vacuum. Thus, the number of particles is not conserved, e.g., in the double-slit experiment, even at low-light intensity. Physical representations of quantum computation (QC), cannot, thus, follow some customarily assumed aspects of quantum mechanics. This is solved by considering the Schrödinger equation depending on the curvature, which is expressed exactly as a difference equation, works for any wavelength, and is variationally solved for natural numbers, representing naturally the quantum energy levels. This leads to accepting both forms in a universality model. Further, one follows the Bohr model in QC, in a software-defined QC, where GF(2m) can be used with binary logic to implement in software Bohr’s idea of “many states at once”, without breaking the LEM, in the macro, without necessarily using special hardware (e.g. quantum annealing), or incurring in decoherence, designed with today’s binary computers, even a cell phone.

tri-state+, bound states, qubit, qutrit, qudit, tri-state+, information, algebraic, quantum, classical, coherence